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NBCE sample questions and important info > spinal anatomy important info > Flashcards

spinal anatomy important info Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 connective tissue types is bone embryologically derived from?

A

mesenchyme
cartilage

2nd-5th month in utero

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2
Q

when bone develops within the primitive connective tissue mesenchyme, what is the mechanism of bone formation?

A

intramembranous- 2nd-3rd month in utero

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3
Q

intramembranous ossification is characteristic of which bones?

A

most bones of the skull and clavicle

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4
Q

when bone develops within cartilage, the mechanism of bone formation is called?

A

endochondral ossification

2nd-5th month in utero

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5
Q

centers for ossification appear in the skull in a cartilage template called?

A

chondrocranium

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6
Q

what bones are derived from the chondrocranium?

A 
inferior nasal concha 
ethmoid
sphenoid
part of mandible 
temporal 
occipital
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7
Q

nonarticular surface of any bone is covered by a thin layer called

A

periosteum

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8
Q

the fiber-cellular layer lining spongy, trabecular or cancellous bone is called

A

endosteum

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9
Q

what are examples of flat bones?

A

parietal
sternum
blade of scapula

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10
Q

examples of sesamoid bones

A

patella

pisiform

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11
Q

accessory bones are formed from the periosteum of existing bones, what are some examples?

A

para-articular processes
bony spurs
tarsal bones

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12
Q

what type of bone are formed from cells within non-bone related tissues as a result of healing, disease, stress or age?

A

heterotopic bone- pineal gland, heart, within ligaments

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13
Q

what constitutes the cranium?

A

skull minus the mandible

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14
Q

which joint classification is synarthrosis?

A

fibrous- restricted

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15
Q

which joint classification is amphiarthrosis?

A

cartilaginous- slightly moveable

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16
Q

which joint classification is diarthrosis?

A

synovial- freely moveable

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17
Q

joints united by fibrous tissue are classified as

A

syndesmosis

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18
Q

interosseous ligaments =

A

synarthrosis syndesmosis

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19
Q

what are the 3 subcategories of fibrous joints?

A

suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

20
Q

what are the 2 subcategories of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

21
Q

what are some examples of synchondroses

A

metaphysis of long bones
cartilage between centrum and neural arch centers
cartilage between bones of chondrocranium
costochondral joint of ribs
sternochondral joint

22
Q

what is the 1st type of cartilage joint to appear during development?

A

synchondrosis

23
Q

what is the histological type of cartilage that is the template where endochondral ossification takes place?

A

hyaline cartilage

24
Q

which type of joints are formed from fibrocartilage and occur between bones forming from endochondral ossification? they have limited movement and occur in median plane of the body characterized by ligaments positioned ant and post to the joint?

A

symphysis

25
Q

what are some examples of symphysis/ 2ndary cartilaginous joints?

A

intervertebral disc
pubic symphysis
sternal symphyses

26
Q

synchondroses are temporary or permanent?

A

temporary

EXCEPT: costrochondral joints of ribs and 1st sternocostal joint which are permanent

27
Q

symphyses are temporary or permanent?

A

permanent

EXCEPT: symphysis menti; btw developing halves of mandible

28
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of diarthrosis/ synovial fluid joints?

A

articular or fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
2 or more articular cartilage surfaces
synovial fluid

29
Q

articular fat pads aka

A

haversian gland

30
Q

where are haversian glands been found to be most present

A

lumbar zygapophyseal joints

31
Q

nonaxial synovial joints exhibit what movement?

A

only translational movement

plane/arthrodial

32
Q

uniaxial synovial joints exhibit what movement?

A

flex/extend OR
medial/lateral rotation

hinge/ginglymus
pivot/trochoid

33
Q

biaxial synovial joints exhibit what movement?

A

typically flexion/extension combined with abduction/ adduction

bicondylar, condylar, ellipsoidal and saddle/sellar

34
Q

multiaxial synovial joint examples

A

ball and socket/enarthrosis
spheroidal
cotyloid

35
Q

what joints are considered plane synovial joints?

A

zygapophyses
intercarpal, carpometacarpal (except thumb) and intermetacarpal
intercuneiform, tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal

36
Q

diarthrosis arthrodia=

A

plane synovial

37
Q

diarthrosis ginglymus=

A

hinge synovial

38
Q

what restricts hinge joint movement?

A

strong collateral ligaments

39
Q

what are examples of hinge joints?

A

interphalangeal

humero-ulnar

40
Q

diarthrosis trochoid=

A

pivot synovial

41
Q

what are examples of a pivot synovial joint?

A

proximal radio-ulnar joint: head of radius (pivot point) within osteoligamentous ring

median atlanto-axial joint: odontoid process of axis (pivot point); osteoligamentous ring rotates around odontoid

42
Q

diarthrosis sellar=

A

saddle synovial

43
Q

what are examples of saddle synovial?

A

carpometacarpal joint of thumb
talocrural joint
calcaneocuboid joint

44
Q

knuckle like=

A

condylar

45
Q

example of condylar synovial joint

A

temporo-mandibular joint- anatomically condylar and functionally bicondylar

46
Q

example bicondylar synovial joint

A

femur-tibia joint

47
Q

ellipsoidal synovial joint examples

A

radoiocarpal
metacarpo-phalangeal
metatarso-phalangeal
atlanta-occipital

NBCE sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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