anatomy- larynx and thorax Flashcards

1
Q

what does the larynx connect?

A

lower part of the pharynx to the esophagus

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2
Q

what are the functions of the larynx?

A
  • prevents food from getting into airway
  • regulates air flow into the lungs
  • vocalization
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3
Q

where does the larynx lie?

A

C3-6

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4
Q

what are the cartilages of the larynx?

A
thyroid
cricoid 
epiglottic 
arytenoid 
corniculate 
cuneiform
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5
Q

what structure begins at C6? what structure ends at C6?

A

cricoid ends and trachea begins

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6
Q

what does each arytenoid cartilage present?

A

vocal process- vocal ligament attachment

muscular process- larynx intrinsic muscle attachment

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7
Q

what paired cartilages lie on the apices of the arytenoid cartilages?

A

corniculate cartilage

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8
Q

where do the cuneiform cartilages lie?

A

in aryepiglottic folds anterior to corniculate cartilages

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9
Q

what are the 2 joints of the larynx?

A

cricothyroid- rotation of thyroid cartilage
cricoarytenoid- gliding and rotation of arytenoid on cricoid

both synovial joints

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10
Q

what is the main structure that vibrates to produce sound?

A

vocal ligament

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11
Q

what are the folds of the larynx?

A

vestibular (false vocal cords)

vocal (true vocal cords)

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12
Q

what initiates the cough reflex?

A

vestibular/ false vocal cords

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13
Q

what is the narrowest part of the larynx?

A

rima glottidis

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14
Q

what includes the rima glottidis and vocal folds?

A

glottis

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15
Q

what area of the larynx contains glands that lubricate the vocal folds?

A

laryngeal saccule

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16
Q

what are the elevators of the larynx?

A
Thyrohyoid
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid 
Digastric
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
17
Q

what are the depressors of the larynx?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

18
Q

what muscles raises pitch of voice?

A

cricothyroid

19
Q

what 2 muscle decrease pitch of voice?

A

thyroarytenoid and vocalis

20
Q

where are the deep cervical nodes located?

A

within the carotid sheath, following the internal jugular vein

21
Q

efferents of the deep cervical nodes form?

A

left and right jugular trunks

22
Q

what is an enlarged supraclavicular node on the left side usually first indication of tumor?

A

sentinel/signal node

23
Q

what is the portion of the breast which extends back into the armpit and often a site for cancer?

A

axillary process/tail

24
Q

where is the sternal angle located?

A

btw T4 and T5

25
Q

what are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)

A
xiphoid process
costal margin
12th rib 
distal 11th rib 
T12
26
Q

what elevates the ribs in inspiration?

A

external intercostal

27
Q

what muscles depress ribs in forced expiration?

A

internal and innermost intercostals
subcostalis
transversus thoracis

28
Q

what veins represent the thoracic continuation of the right and left ascending lumbar veins?

A

azygos and hemiazygos veins- they cross the midline

29
Q

the anterior primary rami of 1-11 spinal nerves

A

intercostal nerves

30
Q

anterior primary rami of the 12th spinal nerve

A

subcostal nerve

31
Q

which pleura is highly sensitive to pain and which has no pain?

A

parietal pleura= pain

visceral= no pain

32
Q

the mediastinum is a space between pleural cavities that contains all thorax structures except:

A

lungs and pleura

33
Q

what does the plane from sternal angle and IVD of T4-T5 separate?

A

superior and inferior mediastinum

34
Q

what are the contents of the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus
Lymph nodes
Parasternal nodes

35
Q

what are the contents of the middle mediastinum?

A
Heart
Pericardium
Roots of great vessels
Main bronchi
Phrenic nerve
36
Q

what are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A
Esophagus
Thoracic aorta
Azygos vein
Hemiazygos vein
Thoracic duct
Vagus nerve
Splanchnic nerves
37
Q

where does the trachea lie?

A

inferior border cricoid cartilage C6
anterior to esophagus
posterior to arch of aorta

38
Q

what is the prominent ridge of the trachea that separates the left and right main bronchi?

A

carina