anatomy- larynx and thorax Flashcards
what does the larynx connect?
lower part of the pharynx to the esophagus
what are the functions of the larynx?
- prevents food from getting into airway
- regulates air flow into the lungs
- vocalization
where does the larynx lie?
C3-6
what are the cartilages of the larynx?
thyroid cricoid epiglottic arytenoid corniculate cuneiform
what structure begins at C6? what structure ends at C6?
cricoid ends and trachea begins
what does each arytenoid cartilage present?
vocal process- vocal ligament attachment
muscular process- larynx intrinsic muscle attachment
what paired cartilages lie on the apices of the arytenoid cartilages?
corniculate cartilage
where do the cuneiform cartilages lie?
in aryepiglottic folds anterior to corniculate cartilages
what are the 2 joints of the larynx?
cricothyroid- rotation of thyroid cartilage
cricoarytenoid- gliding and rotation of arytenoid on cricoid
both synovial joints
what is the main structure that vibrates to produce sound?
vocal ligament
what are the folds of the larynx?
vestibular (false vocal cords)
vocal (true vocal cords)
what initiates the cough reflex?
vestibular/ false vocal cords
what is the narrowest part of the larynx?
rima glottidis
what includes the rima glottidis and vocal folds?
glottis
what area of the larynx contains glands that lubricate the vocal folds?
laryngeal saccule
what are the elevators of the larynx?
Thyrohyoid Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Digastric Stylopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus
what are the depressors of the larynx?
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
what muscles raises pitch of voice?
cricothyroid
what 2 muscle decrease pitch of voice?
thyroarytenoid and vocalis
where are the deep cervical nodes located?
within the carotid sheath, following the internal jugular vein
efferents of the deep cervical nodes form?
left and right jugular trunks
what is an enlarged supraclavicular node on the left side usually first indication of tumor?
sentinel/signal node
what is the portion of the breast which extends back into the armpit and often a site for cancer?
axillary process/tail
where is the sternal angle located?
btw T4 and T5
what are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)
xiphoid process costal margin 12th rib distal 11th rib T12
what elevates the ribs in inspiration?
external intercostal
what muscles depress ribs in forced expiration?
internal and innermost intercostals
subcostalis
transversus thoracis
what veins represent the thoracic continuation of the right and left ascending lumbar veins?
azygos and hemiazygos veins- they cross the midline
the anterior primary rami of 1-11 spinal nerves
intercostal nerves
anterior primary rami of the 12th spinal nerve
subcostal nerve
which pleura is highly sensitive to pain and which has no pain?
parietal pleura= pain
visceral= no pain
the mediastinum is a space between pleural cavities that contains all thorax structures except:
lungs and pleura
what does the plane from sternal angle and IVD of T4-T5 separate?
superior and inferior mediastinum
what are the contents of the anterior mediastinum?
Thymus
Lymph nodes
Parasternal nodes
what are the contents of the middle mediastinum?
Heart Pericardium Roots of great vessels Main bronchi Phrenic nerve
what are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?
Esophagus Thoracic aorta Azygos vein Hemiazygos vein Thoracic duct Vagus nerve Splanchnic nerves
where does the trachea lie?
inferior border cricoid cartilage C6
anterior to esophagus
posterior to arch of aorta
what is the prominent ridge of the trachea that separates the left and right main bronchi?
carina
