general anatomy sample questions Flashcards
The transpyloric plane lies at the level of the ____ vertebra.
a. T9
b. T11
c. L1
d. L3
c. L1
transpyloric plane aka Addison’s plane; cuts across the pylorus of the stomach and the L1 vertebra
Ren12
Which of these structures is located in the suboccipital triangle?
a. posterior auricular nerve
b. vertebral artery
c. lesser occipital nerve
d. occipital artery
b. vertebral artery
also contains the suboccipital nerve
which of these is typically located at the left midclavicular line in the 5th intercostal space?
a. base of heart
b. horizontal lung fissure
c. tricuspid valve
d. apex of heart
d. apex of heart
mitral valve also- where you listen for sound
base of heart- 5th intercostal space near diaphragm
horizontal lung fissure- midaxillary line 5th intercostal space
tricuspid valve- left side sternum 5th intercostal space
the posterior boundary of the perineum is created by the?
a. sacral base
b. pubic symphysis
c. inferior pubic ligament
d. coccyx
d. coccyx
Anteriorly – pubic symphysis Anterolaterally – ischiopubic ramus Laterally – ischial tuberosities Posterolaterally – sacrotuberous ligament Posteriorly – tip of the coccyx
The ulnar notch articulates with the _____.
a. head of ulna
b. head of radius
c. capitulum
d. humeral trochlea
a. head of ulna
Which bone is formed by intramembranous ossification?
a. ulna
b. radius
c. calcaneus
d. clavicle
d. clavicle
lateral end intramembranous ossification, medial end endochondral ossification
The deltoid tuberosity is located on the _____ surface of the shaft of the humerus.
a. proximal anteromedial
b. proximal anterolateral
c. distal posteromedial
d. distal posterolateral
b. proximal anterolateral
the medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur is a continuation of what structure?
a. lateral supracondylar ridge
b. pectineal line
c. spiral line
d. trochanteric fossa
b. pectineal line
The arcuate line is a feature of which bone?
a. frontal
b. femur
c. maxilla
d. ilium
d. ilium
also an arcuate line on abdominal wall
Differentiation of the limb bud is induced by which structure?
a. cervical sinus
b. neural crest cells
c. mesonephric prominence
d. apical ectodermal ridge
d. apical ectodermal ridge
what cells are located in the resorption cavities?
a. osteoclasts
b. osteoblasts
c. chondrocytes
d. chondroblasts
a. osteoclasts
Which of these is a condyloid articulation?
a. atlantoaxial
b. radiocarpal
c. glenohumeral
d. acromioclavicular
b. radiocarpal
atlantoaxial= pivot/trochoid glenohumeral= synovial ball and socket/ spheroid acromioclavicular= plane/gliding synovial
the bones of the symphysis are united by ___ tissue.
a. ligamentous
b. tendinous
c. osseous
d. fibrocartilaginous
d. fibrocartilaginous
The talocrural joint is a ____ joint.
a. planar
b. uniaxial
c. biaxial
d. multiaxial
b. uniaxial
talocrural aka ankle joint is a uniaxial hinge joint
The medial collateral ligament of the elbow has a distal attachment to the _____.
a. radial head
b. olecranon
c. capitulum
d. trochlea
b. olecranon
medial collateral lig aka ulnar collateral ligament
anterior portion= medial epicondyle humerus- coronoid process ulna
posterior portion= medial epicondyle of humerus to olecranon
Which ligament of the knee attaches to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle?
a. anterior cruciate
b. posterior cruciate
c. tibial collateral
d. fibular collateral
a. anterior cruciate
ACL= lateral condyle of femur to intercondyloid eminence of tibia
posterior cruciate= posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial condyle of femur
tibial collateral aka medial collateral= medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia
fibular collateral aka lateral collateral ligament= lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
what causes knee to lock into full extension when weightbearing?
a. ligamentous tension
b. medial rotation of femur on the tibia
c. contraction of popliteus muscle
d. lateral rotation of femur on the tibia
c. contraction of the popliteus muscle
what muscle attaches to the ulnar tuberosity?
a. brachialis
b. brachioradialis
c. biceps brachii
d. triceps brachii
a. brachialis
The opponens digiti minimi muscle attaches distally to the _____.
a. flexor retinaculum
b. hamate bone
c. proximal phalanx of 5th digit
d. fifth metacarpal
d. fifth metacarpal
its origin is the hamate bone and flexor retinaculum
During finger flexion, which of these muscles is a synergist to the flexor digitorum superficialis?
a. flexor digitorum profundus
b. flexor carpi ulnaris
c. extensor carpi ulnaris
d. extensor digitorum
a. flexor digitorum profundus
antagonist= flexor carpi ulnaris
synergist muscles help perform same movement as agonist, synergists can also neutralize movement by keeping muscle in correct plane of movement so it doesn’t hyper-move
antagonist opposes specific movement
which of these muscles is supplied by the common fibular nerve?
a. biceps femoris
b. semimembranosus
c. gastrocnemius
d. tibialis posterior
a. biceps femoris is (short head)
biceps femoris long head, tibialis posterior and gastrocnemius are supplied by the tibial nerve
semimembranosus is supplied by the tibial part of sciatic nerve
The posterior tibialis muscle has attachments to which of these structures?
a. lateral condyle of humerus
b. medial condyle of humerus
c. talar dome
d. lateral cuneiform
d. lateral cuneiform
originates at inner borders of tibia and fibula and also attaches to interosseous membrane
inserts into 2-4 metatarsals, lateral cuneiform and cuboid and also navicular tuberosity and medial cuneiform
the upper limb buds first appear as small elevations of the ventrolateral body wall during the ____ week of embryonic development.
a. 1st
b. 4th
c. 10th
d. 14th
b. 4th week of development
muscles of the appendicular skeleton develop from _____ mesenchyme.
a. myotomal neuroectoderm
b. sclerotomal surface ectoderm
c. mesoderm
d. branchial endoderm
c. mesoderm
myofibrils are composed of myosin and _____ filaments.
a. hemoglobin
b. actin
c. myoglobin
d. tropocollagen
b. actin
Skeletal muscle is characterized by a _____.
a. peripheral nucleus
b. non striated appearance
c. single nucleus
d. fusiform shape
d. fusiform shape
can also be circular, parallel, convergent, pennate shaped based on location
they are multinucleated
smooth and cardiac muscle have a single nucleus
cardiac and skeletal are striated
smooth muscle is non-striated
The interatrial septum contains the ____ of the cardiac conducting system.
a. SA node
b. AV node
c. purkinje fibers
d. tendinae chordae
b. AV node
interatrial septum also contains the foramen ovale
The superior laryngeal artery is a branch of the ____ artery.
a. occipital
b. external carotid
c. internal carotid
d. superior thyroid
d. superior thyroid artery
superior thyroid artery is a branch of the external carotid artery
Which of these arteries is a branch of the posterior tibial artery?
a. femoral
b. anterior tibial
c. fibular
d. dorsalis pedis
c. fibular artery
also the medial and lateral plantar arteries
The cephalic vein of the arm normally drains into the ____ vein.
a. basilic
b. median
c. radial
d. axillary
d. axillary vein
communicates with the basilic vein also
the adenoids are located in the _____.
a. laryngopharynx
b. superior mediastinum
c. nasopharynx
d. anterior mediastinum
c. nasopharynx
adenoid aka pharyngeal or nasopharyngeal tonsils
The primordium for the ligamentum teres hepatis is the ______.
a. umbilical artery
b. umbilical vein
c. common cardinal vein
d. median umbilical fold
b. umbilical vein
ligamentum teres hepatis is the name for the round ligament of the liver, it divides the left side of the heart into medial and lateral sections
round ligament is a remnant of the umbilical vein
The cardiac skeleton is composed of _____.
a. elastic cartilage
b. fibrous tissue
c. hyaline cartilage
d. osseous tissue
b. fibrous tissue
The submandibular duct opens into the ___.
a. oral cavity proper
b. nasopharynx
c. oropharynx
d. laryngopharynx
a. oral cavity proper
submandibular duct aka Wharton’s duct
which muscles form the bed of the palatine tonsil?
a. palatopharyngeus and superior constrictor
b. stylopharyngeus and hyoglossus
c. middle constrictor and palatopharyngeus
d. styloglossus and palatoglossus
a. palatopharyngeus and superior constrictor posterior and lateral
palatoglossus anterior
which peritoneal ligament connects the diaphragm to the right lobe of the liver?
a. left triangular
b. suspensory
c. coronary
d. ligementum teres
c. coronary ligament
triangular ligaments attach the upper and lower coronary ligaments and also attach to diaphragm on the corresponding side
what is the embryological origin of the hepatic parenchyma?
a. surface ectoderm
b. endoderm
c. neuroectoderm
d. somatic mesoderm
b. endoderm
the esophagus is lined with ____ epithelium.
a. simple squamous
b. transitional
c. stratified squamous
d. pseudo stratified columnar
c. stratified squamous
The frontal sinuses drain into the ____.
a. nasopharynx
b. middle meatus
c. inferior meatus
d. sphenoethmoidal recess
b. middle meatus
The arytenoid cartilage has a synovial articulation with the _____.
a. cricoid cartilage
b. epiglottis
c. hard palate
d. hyoid bone
a. cricoid cartilage
which of these structures is located anterior to the trachea in the superior mediastinum?
a. recurrent laryngeal nerve
b. azygos vein
c. left brachiocephalic vein
d. esophagus
c. left brachiocephalic vein
which embryonic structure contributes to the formation of the diaphragm?
a. cardiogenic mesoderm
b. septum transversum
c. 2nd cervical myotome
d. first brachial arch
b. septum transversum
septum transversum comes from cranial mesenchyme
what type of epithelium covers the vocal fold?
a. transitional
b. simple columnar
c. simple squamous
d. stratified squamous
d. stratified squamous
the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder is innervated by the _____.
a. T11 spinal nerve
b. pelvic splanchnic nerves
c. T12 spinal nerve
d. pudendal nerve
b. pelvic splanchnic nerves- parasympathetic
hypogastric- sympathetic
the cremasteric layer of the spermatic cord consists of muscle fibers derived from ____.
a. cremasteric arch
b. external abdominal oblique muscle
c. dartos tunic
d. internal abdominal oblique muscle
d. internal abdominal oblique muscle
The superficial perineal space of the female contains the ____.
a. ovaries
b. greater vestibular glands
c. urethra
d. vagina
b. greater vestibular glands
also contains the crura of clitoris and vestibular bulbs
The anterior portion of the cloaca develops into the ____.
a. urinary bladder
b. anal canal
c. rectum
d. inguinal canal
a. urinary bladder
the posterior portion forms the anus
The cells that produce renin are located in the ______.
a. afferent arterioles of the kidneys
b. anterior pituitary
c. proximal tubule of nephron
d. posterior pituitary
a. afferent arterioles of the kidneys
juxtaglomerular apparatus- BP
Which cells secrete calcitonin?
a. renal
b. parathyroid
c. parafollicular
d. pancreatic
c. parafollicular cells
parafollicular aka C cells of the thyroid gland
in which of these glands would the zona reticularis be found?
a. thyroid
b. adrenal
c. pineal
d. pituitary
b. adrenal
zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex
the most superficial layer is the zona glomerulosa and the middle layer is the zona fasciculata
