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NBCE sample questions and important info > general anatomy sample questions > Flashcards

general anatomy sample questions Flashcards

1
Q

The transpyloric plane lies at the level of the ____ vertebra.

a. T9
b. T11
c. L1
d. L3

A

c. L1

transpyloric plane aka Addison’s plane; cuts across the pylorus of the stomach and the L1 vertebra

Ren12

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2
Q

Which of these structures is located in the suboccipital triangle?

a. posterior auricular nerve
b. vertebral artery
c. lesser occipital nerve
d. occipital artery

A

b. vertebral artery

also contains the suboccipital nerve

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3
Q

which of these is typically located at the left midclavicular line in the 5th intercostal space?

a. base of heart
b. horizontal lung fissure
c. tricuspid valve
d. apex of heart

A

d. apex of heart
mitral valve also- where you listen for sound

base of heart- 5th intercostal space near diaphragm
horizontal lung fissure- midaxillary line 5th intercostal space
tricuspid valve- left side sternum 5th intercostal space

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4
Q

the posterior boundary of the perineum is created by the?

a. sacral base
b. pubic symphysis
c. inferior pubic ligament
d. coccyx

A

d. coccyx

Anteriorly – pubic symphysis
Anterolaterally – ischiopubic ramus
Laterally – ischial tuberosities
Posterolaterally – sacrotuberous ligament
Posteriorly – tip of the coccyx
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5
Q

The ulnar notch articulates with the _____.

a. head of ulna
b. head of radius
c. capitulum
d. humeral trochlea

A

a. head of ulna

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6
Q

Which bone is formed by intramembranous ossification?

a. ulna
b. radius
c. calcaneus
d. clavicle

A

d. clavicle

lateral end intramembranous ossification, medial end endochondral ossification

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7
Q

The deltoid tuberosity is located on the _____ surface of the shaft of the humerus.

a. proximal anteromedial
b. proximal anterolateral
c. distal posteromedial
d. distal posterolateral

A

b. proximal anterolateral

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8
Q

the medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur is a continuation of what structure?

a. lateral supracondylar ridge
b. pectineal line
c. spiral line
d. trochanteric fossa

A

b. pectineal line

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9
Q

The arcuate line is a feature of which bone?

a. frontal
b. femur
c. maxilla
d. ilium

A

d. ilium

also an arcuate line on abdominal wall

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10
Q

Differentiation of the limb bud is induced by which structure?

a. cervical sinus
b. neural crest cells
c. mesonephric prominence
d. apical ectodermal ridge

A

d. apical ectodermal ridge

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11
Q

what cells are located in the resorption cavities?

a. osteoclasts
b. osteoblasts
c. chondrocytes
d. chondroblasts

A

a. osteoclasts

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12
Q

Which of these is a condyloid articulation?

a. atlantoaxial
b. radiocarpal
c. glenohumeral
d. acromioclavicular

A

b. radiocarpal

atlantoaxial= pivot/trochoid
glenohumeral= synovial ball and socket/ spheroid
acromioclavicular= plane/gliding synovial
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13
Q

the bones of the symphysis are united by ___ tissue.

a. ligamentous
b. tendinous
c. osseous
d. fibrocartilaginous

A

d. fibrocartilaginous

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14
Q

The talocrural joint is a ____ joint.

a. planar
b. uniaxial
c. biaxial
d. multiaxial

A

b. uniaxial

talocrural aka ankle joint is a uniaxial hinge joint

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15
Q

The medial collateral ligament of the elbow has a distal attachment to the _____.

a. radial head
b. olecranon
c. capitulum
d. trochlea

A

b. olecranon

medial collateral lig aka ulnar collateral ligament

anterior portion= medial epicondyle humerus- coronoid process ulna
posterior portion= medial epicondyle of humerus to olecranon

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16
Q

Which ligament of the knee attaches to the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle?

a. anterior cruciate
b. posterior cruciate
c. tibial collateral
d. fibular collateral

A

a. anterior cruciate

ACL= lateral condyle of femur to intercondyloid eminence of tibia

posterior cruciate= posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial condyle of femur

tibial collateral aka medial collateral= medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia

fibular collateral aka lateral collateral ligament= lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

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17
Q

what causes knee to lock into full extension when weightbearing?

a. ligamentous tension
b. medial rotation of femur on the tibia
c. contraction of popliteus muscle
d. lateral rotation of femur on the tibia

A

c. contraction of the popliteus muscle

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18
Q

what muscle attaches to the ulnar tuberosity?

a. brachialis
b. brachioradialis
c. biceps brachii
d. triceps brachii

A

a. brachialis

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19
Q

The opponens digiti minimi muscle attaches distally to the _____.

a. flexor retinaculum
b. hamate bone
c. proximal phalanx of 5th digit
d. fifth metacarpal

A

d. fifth metacarpal

its origin is the hamate bone and flexor retinaculum

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20
Q

During finger flexion, which of these muscles is a synergist to the flexor digitorum superficialis?

a. flexor digitorum profundus
b. flexor carpi ulnaris
c. extensor carpi ulnaris
d. extensor digitorum

A

a. flexor digitorum profundus

antagonist= flexor carpi ulnaris

synergist muscles help perform same movement as agonist, synergists can also neutralize movement by keeping muscle in correct plane of movement so it doesn’t hyper-move

antagonist opposes specific movement

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21
Q

which of these muscles is supplied by the common fibular nerve?

a. biceps femoris
b. semimembranosus
c. gastrocnemius
d. tibialis posterior

A

a. biceps femoris is (short head)

biceps femoris long head, tibialis posterior and gastrocnemius are supplied by the tibial nerve

semimembranosus is supplied by the tibial part of sciatic nerve

22
Q

The posterior tibialis muscle has attachments to which of these structures?

a. lateral condyle of humerus
b. medial condyle of humerus
c. talar dome
d. lateral cuneiform

A

d. lateral cuneiform

originates at inner borders of tibia and fibula and also attaches to interosseous membrane
inserts into 2-4 metatarsals, lateral cuneiform and cuboid and also navicular tuberosity and medial cuneiform

23
Q

the upper limb buds first appear as small elevations of the ventrolateral body wall during the ____ week of embryonic development.

a. 1st
b. 4th
c. 10th
d. 14th

A

b. 4th week of development

24
Q

muscles of the appendicular skeleton develop from _____ mesenchyme.

a. myotomal neuroectoderm
b. sclerotomal surface ectoderm
c. mesoderm
d. branchial endoderm

A

c. mesoderm

25
Q

myofibrils are composed of myosin and _____ filaments.

a. hemoglobin
b. actin
c. myoglobin
d. tropocollagen

A

b. actin

26
Q

Skeletal muscle is characterized by a _____.

a. peripheral nucleus
b. non striated appearance
c. single nucleus
d. fusiform shape

A

d. fusiform shape

can also be circular, parallel, convergent, pennate shaped based on location

they are multinucleated

smooth and cardiac muscle have a single nucleus

cardiac and skeletal are striated
smooth muscle is non-striated

27
Q

The interatrial septum contains the ____ of the cardiac conducting system.

a. SA node
b. AV node
c. purkinje fibers
d. tendinae chordae

A

b. AV node

interatrial septum also contains the foramen ovale

28
Q

The superior laryngeal artery is a branch of the ____ artery.

a. occipital
b. external carotid
c. internal carotid
d. superior thyroid

A

d. superior thyroid artery

superior thyroid artery is a branch of the external carotid artery

29
Q

Which of these arteries is a branch of the posterior tibial artery?

a. femoral
b. anterior tibial
c. fibular
d. dorsalis pedis

A

c. fibular artery

also the medial and lateral plantar arteries

30
Q

The cephalic vein of the arm normally drains into the ____ vein.

a. basilic
b. median
c. radial
d. axillary

A

d. axillary vein

communicates with the basilic vein also

31
Q

the adenoids are located in the _____.

a. laryngopharynx
b. superior mediastinum
c. nasopharynx
d. anterior mediastinum

A

c. nasopharynx

adenoid aka pharyngeal or nasopharyngeal tonsils

32
Q

The primordium for the ligamentum teres hepatis is the ______.

a. umbilical artery
b. umbilical vein
c. common cardinal vein
d. median umbilical fold

A

b. umbilical vein

ligamentum teres hepatis is the name for the round ligament of the liver, it divides the left side of the heart into medial and lateral sections

round ligament is a remnant of the umbilical vein

33
Q

The cardiac skeleton is composed of _____.

a. elastic cartilage
b. fibrous tissue
c. hyaline cartilage
d. osseous tissue

A

b. fibrous tissue

34
Q

The submandibular duct opens into the ___.

a. oral cavity proper
b. nasopharynx
c. oropharynx
d. laryngopharynx

A

a. oral cavity proper

submandibular duct aka Wharton’s duct

35
Q

which muscles form the bed of the palatine tonsil?

a. palatopharyngeus and superior constrictor
b. stylopharyngeus and hyoglossus
c. middle constrictor and palatopharyngeus
d. styloglossus and palatoglossus

A

a. palatopharyngeus and superior constrictor posterior and lateral

palatoglossus anterior

36
Q

which peritoneal ligament connects the diaphragm to the right lobe of the liver?

a. left triangular
b. suspensory
c. coronary
d. ligementum teres

A

c. coronary ligament

triangular ligaments attach the upper and lower coronary ligaments and also attach to diaphragm on the corresponding side

37
Q

what is the embryological origin of the hepatic parenchyma?

a. surface ectoderm
b. endoderm
c. neuroectoderm
d. somatic mesoderm

A

b. endoderm

38
Q

the esophagus is lined with ____ epithelium.

a. simple squamous
b. transitional
c. stratified squamous
d. pseudo stratified columnar

A

c. stratified squamous

39
Q

The frontal sinuses drain into the ____.

a. nasopharynx
b. middle meatus
c. inferior meatus
d. sphenoethmoidal recess

A

b. middle meatus

40
Q

The arytenoid cartilage has a synovial articulation with the _____.

a. cricoid cartilage
b. epiglottis
c. hard palate
d. hyoid bone

A

a. cricoid cartilage

41
Q

which of these structures is located anterior to the trachea in the superior mediastinum?

a. recurrent laryngeal nerve
b. azygos vein
c. left brachiocephalic vein
d. esophagus

A

c. left brachiocephalic vein

42
Q

which embryonic structure contributes to the formation of the diaphragm?

a. cardiogenic mesoderm
b. septum transversum
c. 2nd cervical myotome
d. first brachial arch

A

b. septum transversum

septum transversum comes from cranial mesenchyme

43
Q

what type of epithelium covers the vocal fold?

a. transitional
b. simple columnar
c. simple squamous
d. stratified squamous

A

d. stratified squamous

44
Q

the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder is innervated by the _____.

a. T11 spinal nerve
b. pelvic splanchnic nerves
c. T12 spinal nerve
d. pudendal nerve

A

b. pelvic splanchnic nerves- parasympathetic

hypogastric- sympathetic

45
Q

the cremasteric layer of the spermatic cord consists of muscle fibers derived from ____.

a. cremasteric arch
b. external abdominal oblique muscle
c. dartos tunic
d. internal abdominal oblique muscle

A

d. internal abdominal oblique muscle

46
Q

The superficial perineal space of the female contains the ____.

a. ovaries
b. greater vestibular glands
c. urethra
d. vagina

A

b. greater vestibular glands

also contains the crura of clitoris and vestibular bulbs

47
Q

The anterior portion of the cloaca develops into the ____.

a. urinary bladder
b. anal canal
c. rectum
d. inguinal canal

A

a. urinary bladder

the posterior portion forms the anus

48
Q

The cells that produce renin are located in the ______.

a. afferent arterioles of the kidneys
b. anterior pituitary
c. proximal tubule of nephron
d. posterior pituitary

A

a. afferent arterioles of the kidneys

juxtaglomerular apparatus- BP

49
Q

Which cells secrete calcitonin?

a. renal
b. parathyroid
c. parafollicular
d. pancreatic

A

c. parafollicular cells

parafollicular aka C cells of the thyroid gland

50
Q

in which of these glands would the zona reticularis be found?

a. thyroid
b. adrenal
c. pineal
d. pituitary

A

b. adrenal

zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex

the most superficial layer is the zona glomerulosa and the middle layer is the zona fasciculata

NBCE sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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