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NBCE sample questions and important info > pathology #2 > Flashcards

pathology #2 Flashcards

1
Q

where are red vs white infarcts found?

A

red= double blood supply- liver, lung or collateral vessels- intestines

white= heart

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2
Q

What is a massive kidney cancer in kids 2-5?

A

Wilm’s tumor

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3
Q

What is a cancer in kids age 2 with a mutated Rb gene and flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes?

A

Retinoblastoma- cancer of the retina

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4
Q

Blueberry muffin baby, homer-wright rosettes?

A

Neuroblastoma- cancer of neural crest cells in kids

Sympathetic ganglia or adrenal gland

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5
Q

What is the most common pediatric cancer?

A

Leukemia

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6
Q

What are the 2 bone cancers in children?

A

Ewing sarcoma

Osteosarcoma

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7
Q

Edema originates from

A

1 increased hydrostatic pressure

2 reduces osmotic pressure

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8
Q

What develops following Vit C and K deficiencies?

A

Petechiae

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9
Q

Hemophilia A

A

Cofactor VIII deficiency

A= 8

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10
Q

Hemophilia B

A

Cofactor IX deficiency

B= 9

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11
Q

What is hemarthrosis?

A

Bleeding of a joint- MC from hemophilia

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12
Q

What is the MC inherited bleeding disorder?

A

Von Willebrand disease 1 in 100

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13
Q

What is a severe trauma that produces body wide clotting. Clot everywhere and die or run out of clotting factors and hemorrhage?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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14
Q

What are the alternating light and dark lines (platelets and RBCs) within a thrombus (clot)?

A

Lines of Zahn

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15
Q

What is a large pulmonary embolism that straddles the pulmonary artery bifurcation and produces acute cor pulmonale?

A

Saddle embolism

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16
Q

What is a consequence of advanced cirrhosis?

A

Esophageal varices

17
Q

Peau d’ orange

A

Lymphatic obstruction

18
Q

What does the hypersensitivity acronym stand for?

A

Allergies
Cytotoxicity from opsonization, Coombs
Immune complexes- vasculitis
Delayed- T-cell mediated reaction takes time

19
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

Anti-body mediated IgG or IgM

ABO incompability, rheumatic fever, Goodpasture, Graves, pernicious anemia

20
Q

What tests type II hypersensitives

A

Coombs test

21
Q

Type III hypersensitivites

A

Immune complexes deposited into vessel walls, vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis

SLE, polyarteritis nodosa, serum sickness, reactive arthritis, post-strep glomerulonephritis

22
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity

A

Only one without antibodies- t-cell CD4 and CD8

Poison ivy, TB, MS, RA, type 1 diabetes, Crohns, hashimotos, eczema

23
Q

SLE multisystem antibody formation, young adult African American females MC. What are symptoms?

A

Malar rash, painless mouth ulcers, arthritis, pleuritis, pericarditis, Libman-Sacks endocarditis, anemia, myalgia, swelling etc.

24
Q

What is an autoimmune fibrosis of multiple organ systems with characteristic sclerodactyly and GI, Lungs and kidneys affected?

A

Systemic sclerosis

25
Q

What is CREST a type of and what does it stand for?

A

Systemic sclerosis

Calcinosis- soft tissue
Raynauds 
Esophageal dismotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia- spider veins (face is common)
26
Q

What immune deficiency is a failure of B cells to mature which means no plasma cells in circulation. Produces recurrent bacterial and viral infections in young boys?

A

Bruton’s disease: x-linked agammaglobulinemia

27
Q

Bruton’s disease type

A

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

28
Q

What is known as “bubble boy” with severe lymphatic atrophy and very few B and T cells?

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency

29
Q

22q11.2 deletion syndrome with thymic or parathyroid hypoplasia?

A

DiGeorge syndrome

30
Q

Parathyroid hypoplasia causes what symptoms?

A

Hypocalcemia, tetany, cleft lip, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia

31
Q

Why does CO poisoning lead to asphyxiation or lethal hypoxia, also cherry red skin?

A

Hemoglobin binds about 200x more with CO that O2, therefore RBCs fill up with CO and can’t circulate O2

32
Q

Minamata disease

A

Mercury poisoning

33
Q

Itai Itai disease, demineralization of bone and renal failure

A

Cadmium poisoning

34
Q

How does alcoholism produce cardiac failure?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

35
Q

What is severe starvation due to lack of TOTAL calories?

A

Marasmus- somatic tissue wasting

36
Q

What is severe starvation due to lack of protein?

A

Kwashiorkor- visceral tissue wasting

37
Q

What is hypoventilation syndrome?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

NBCE sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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