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NBCE sample questions and important info > Pathology- musculoskeletal disorders > Flashcards

Pathology- musculoskeletal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is an autosomal dominant disorder that produces skeletal fragility due to abnormal Alpha chains of Type 1 collagen?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta- brittle bone disease, blue sclera

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2
Q

What is the MC form of dwarfism?

A

Achondroplasia- inhibits epiphyseal chondrocyte growth

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3
Q

Why does osteopetrosis produce excessively dense bone?

A

Inhibited osteoclasts

Sclerosis

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4
Q

What is the key feature of osteopetrosis?

A

Erlenmeyer flask deformity

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5
Q

What is dowagers hump?

A

Vertebral bone fractures

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6
Q

What is most likely to produce Dowagers hump and femoral neck fractures?

A

Osteoporosis

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7
Q

What are the 3 causes of Ivory White Vertebra?

A

Paget’s- osteitis deformans
Lymphoma
Prostate cancer that has metastasized to spine

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8
Q

Breast cancer that metastasizes to the spine is most likely to be?

A

Osteolytic

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9
Q

What are the 2 MC causes of hyperparathyroidism?

A

1 adenoma

2 renal failure

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10
Q

What are avascular necrosis aka?

A

Ischemic necrosis
Aseptic necrosis
Osteochondrosis

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11
Q

What are 2 types of avasacular necrosis both seen in kids?

A

Osgood schlatters- tibial tuberosity 13-16

Legg calve Perthes- femoral head 4-8

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12
Q

What is the MC primary bone cancer?

A

Osteosarcoma

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13
Q

What is the MC plasma cell cancer discovered in bone?

A

Multiple myeloma

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14
Q

What are the 4 MC primary bone tumors?

A

Osteosarcoma
Multiple Myeloma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma

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15
Q

What are the 2 epiphyseal tumors?

A

Giant cell- old

Chondroblastoma- young

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16
Q

What are the 2 diaphyseal tumors?

A

Ewing-young

Multiple myeloma-old

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17
Q

What is plasma cell cytoma?

A

Multiple myeloma

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18
Q

What are the key features of MM?

A 
Reversed A/G ratio on electrophoresis has M-spike
Lytic
Diaphyseal
Bence Jones proteinuria 
NO periosteal reaction
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19
Q

Which primary bone tumor has a periosteal reaction?

A

Ewing sarcoma

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20
Q

What is a cancer of bone that can be both benign and malignant?

A

Giant cell

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21
Q

What is tumor of glandular tissue?

A

Adenoma

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22
Q

What tumor is characterized by nocturnal pain, relieved by aspirin and radiolucent nidus?

A

Osteoid osteoma

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23
Q

What malignant tumor produces a Codman triangle and a sunburst periosteal reaction?

A

Osteosarcoma

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24
Q

What is a common malignant tumor of Li?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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25
Q

What compresses nerves and produces cafe au lait spots?

A

Neurofibromatosis- chromosome 17

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26
Q

What is Ollier disease?

A

Multiple enchondromas in hands

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27
Q

What is a bone cancer that affects middle aged with a stippled or popcorn appearance on x-ray. Can also invade joints, usually hips or pelvis?

A

Chondrosarcoma

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28
Q

What is McCune Albright syndrome

A

Fibrous dysplasia, cafe au lait spots and endocrine hyper-function

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29
Q

What are the 2 conditions that characteristically cause cafe au lait spots?

A

Neurofibromatosis

McCune Albright

30
Q

What is osteopetrosis aka?

A

Albers-Schonberg disease; stone bone, sandwich vertebra

31
Q

What is pheochromocytoma?

A

Benign tumor of adrenal or sympathetics

32
Q

What is a rhabdomyoma?

A

Benign tumor of skeletal muscle

33
Q

What is a malignant tumor of astrocytes?

A

Glioblastoma

34
Q

What is a carcinoma of the ovary, from GI?

A

Krunkenberg’s Tumor

35
Q

What is Grawitz tumor?

A

Renal adenocarcinoma

36
Q

Seminoma

A

Tumor of testes

37
Q

S/S of osteitis deformans

A

Older males, bone deformities, mosaic layers, bowing tibia, pseudofractures
Osteoblastic-osteoclastic activity
IVORY WHITE VERTEBRAE and increased ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

38
Q

Neurofibromatosis aka

A

Von Recklinghausens disease- autosomal dominant chromosome 17

39
Q

Fibrous dysplasia

A

Bone thinning and lesions and growths in bone

Seen in McCune Albright and Neurofibromatosis

40
Q

Staph infection in bone

A

Osteomyelitis

41
Q

Pott’s disease increased

A

Kyphoses= Gibbus deformity

42
Q

MC benign tumor of vertebra

A

Hemangioma

43
Q

MC benign bone tumor

A

Osteochondroma

44
Q

Osteoarthritis aka

A

Degenerative Joint Disease- make bone

45
Q

S/S osteoarthritis

A

OSTEOBLASTIC
Subchondral sclerosis
Bony eburnation
Narrowing joint spaces

46
Q

RA + pneumonia

A

Caplans

47
Q

Long standing RA

A

Felty’s- RA + splenomegaly + neutropenia

48
Q

Juvenile RA

A

Stills

49
Q

What does RA usually destroy

A

MCP joints- symmetrical

50
Q

Pannus formation(granulation tissue), ulnar deviation, bony ankylosis, swan neck or boutonnière deformity(deformed finger joint) are characteristic of?

A

RA

51
Q

Ankylosis

A

Stiffening or immobility of joint dt fusion of bone

52
Q

What is a reactive arthritis from STD usually chlamydia that affects feet, spine, Conjunctivits, urethritis?

A

Reiter’s

Can’t See Can’t Pee Can’t Dance With Me

53
Q

Herberden’s nodes

A

Osteoarthritis DIP joints

54
Q

Bouchard’s nodes

A

OA or RA of PIP joints

55
Q

Excessive thoracic kyphosis in teens from vertebral end-plate abnormalities

A

Scheuermanns Disease

56
Q

Marie Strumpell- bilateral SI joint pain, young adult males + HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

57
Q

Synovial cyst in popliteal fossa

A

Baker’s cyst

58
Q

Over 50 ALL calcification, cervical pain, reduced ROM; associated with diabetes mellitus

A

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Forestiers Disease
DISH

59
Q

Neurogenic joint aka

A

Charcot joint- posterior column disease

60
Q

What are the 6 Ds of charcot joint disease?

A 
Debris
Dysfunction
Deformity
Dislocation
Destructive
Distention
Disease
61
Q

Diabetes mellitus joint dysfunction in feet and Syringomyelia in shoulder are associated with

A

Charcot/neurogenic joint disease

62
Q

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

A

Psoriatic arthritis
Enteropathic arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Reactive arthritis (reiters)

Rheumatoid factor Rf negative

63
Q

Myositis ossificans

A

Severe calcification of skeletal muscle (dystrophic calcification)

64
Q

What are the 2 x-linked autosomal recessive muscular dystropies?

A

Erb-Duchenne- MC more severe, Gower sign lethal; pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles 0-12

Becker- less common and less severe, slower 10-70

65
Q

What are the 2 autosomal dominant dystrophies?

A

Facioscapulohumeral- mild, kids

Myotonic-slow, adults

66
Q

Guillain Barre aka

A

Acute demyelinating polyneuritis

Landrys paralysis

67
Q

Acute polyneuropathy, polyradiculopathy and ASCENDING paralysis

A

Guillain barre- acute demyelinating polyneuritis

68
Q

Myasthenia gravis aka

A

Erb-Goldflams- myoneural jx, decreased acetylcholine receptors, CN, ptosis and diplopia

69
Q

Which muscle disorder is common with SCC of the lungs?

A

Lambert Eaton- increased contractions

70
Q

Calf muscle atrophy, demyelination, onset in childhood?

A

Charcot-Marie tooth

71
Q

McArdle’s

A

30-40 myalgia, fatigue, cramps, weakness in exercising muscles

NBCE sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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