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NBCE sample questions and important info > Pathology- musculoskeletal disorders > Flashcards

Pathology- musculoskeletal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is an autosomal dominant disorder that produces skeletal fragility due to abnormal Alpha chains of Type 1 collagen?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta- brittle bone disease, blue sclera

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2
Q

What is the MC form of dwarfism?

A

Achondroplasia- inhibits epiphyseal chondrocyte growth

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3
Q

Why does osteopetrosis produce excessively dense bone?

A

Inhibited osteoclasts

Sclerosis

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4
Q

What is the key feature of osteopetrosis?

A

Erlenmeyer flask deformity

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5
Q

What is dowagers hump?

A

Vertebral bone fractures

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6
Q

What is most likely to produce Dowagers hump and femoral neck fractures?

A

Osteoporosis

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7
Q

What are the 3 causes of Ivory White Vertebra?

A

Paget’s- osteitis deformans
Lymphoma
Prostate cancer that has metastasized to spine

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8
Q

Breast cancer that metastasizes to the spine is most likely to be?

A

Osteolytic

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9
Q

What are the 2 MC causes of hyperparathyroidism?

A

1 adenoma

2 renal failure

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10
Q

What are avascular necrosis aka?

A

Ischemic necrosis
Aseptic necrosis
Osteochondrosis

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11
Q

What are 2 types of avasacular necrosis both seen in kids?

A

Osgood schlatters- tibial tuberosity 13-16

Legg calve Perthes- femoral head 4-8

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12
Q

What is the MC primary bone cancer?

A

Osteosarcoma

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13
Q

What is the MC plasma cell cancer discovered in bone?

A

Multiple myeloma

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14
Q

What are the 4 MC primary bone tumors?

A

Osteosarcoma
Multiple Myeloma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma

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15
Q

What are the 2 epiphyseal tumors?

A

Giant cell- old

Chondroblastoma- young

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16
Q

What are the 2 diaphyseal tumors?

A

Ewing-young

Multiple myeloma-old

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17
Q

What is plasma cell cytoma?

A

Multiple myeloma

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18
Q

What are the key features of MM?

A 
Reversed A/G ratio on electrophoresis has M-spike
Lytic
Diaphyseal
Bence Jones proteinuria 
NO periosteal reaction
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19
Q

Which primary bone tumor has a periosteal reaction?

A

Ewing sarcoma

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20
Q

What is a cancer of bone that can be both benign and malignant?

A

Giant cell

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21
Q

What is tumor of glandular tissue?

A

Adenoma

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22
Q

What tumor is characterized by nocturnal pain, relieved by aspirin and radiolucent nidus?

A

Osteoid osteoma

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23
Q

What malignant tumor produces a Codman triangle and a sunburst periosteal reaction?

A

Osteosarcoma

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24
Q

What is a common malignant tumor of Li?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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25
What compresses nerves and produces cafe au lait spots?
Neurofibromatosis- chromosome 17
26
What is Ollier disease?
Multiple enchondromas in hands
27
What is a bone cancer that affects middle aged with a stippled or popcorn appearance on x-ray. Can also invade joints, usually hips or pelvis?
Chondrosarcoma
28
What is McCune Albright syndrome
Fibrous dysplasia, cafe au lait spots and endocrine hyper-function
29
What are the 2 conditions that characteristically cause cafe au lait spots?
Neurofibromatosis | McCune Albright
30
What is osteopetrosis aka?
Albers-Schonberg disease; stone bone, sandwich vertebra
31
What is pheochromocytoma?
Benign tumor of adrenal or sympathetics
32
What is a rhabdomyoma?
Benign tumor of skeletal muscle
33
What is a malignant tumor of astrocytes?
Glioblastoma
34
What is a carcinoma of the ovary, from GI?
Krunkenberg's Tumor
35
What is Grawitz tumor?
Renal adenocarcinoma
36
Seminoma
Tumor of testes
37
S/S of osteitis deformans
Older males, bone deformities, mosaic layers, bowing tibia, pseudofractures Osteoblastic-osteoclastic activity IVORY WHITE VERTEBRAE and increased ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
38
Neurofibromatosis aka
Von Recklinghausens disease- autosomal dominant chromosome 17
39
Fibrous dysplasia
Bone thinning and lesions and growths in bone Seen in McCune Albright and Neurofibromatosis
40
Staph infection in bone
Osteomyelitis
41
Pott's disease increased
Kyphoses= Gibbus deformity
42
MC benign tumor of vertebra
Hemangioma
43
MC benign bone tumor
Osteochondroma
44
Osteoarthritis aka
Degenerative Joint Disease- make bone
45
S/S osteoarthritis
OSTEOBLASTIC Subchondral sclerosis Bony eburnation Narrowing joint spaces
46
RA + pneumonia
Caplans
47
Long standing RA
Felty's- RA + splenomegaly + neutropenia
48
Juvenile RA
Stills
49
What does RA usually destroy
MCP joints- symmetrical
50
Pannus formation(granulation tissue), ulnar deviation, bony ankylosis, swan neck or boutonnière deformity(deformed finger joint) are characteristic of?
RA
51
Ankylosis
Stiffening or immobility of joint dt fusion of bone
52
What is a reactive arthritis from STD usually chlamydia that affects feet, spine, Conjunctivits, urethritis?
Reiter's | Can't See Can't Pee Can't Dance With Me
53
Herberden's nodes
Osteoarthritis DIP joints
54
Bouchard's nodes
OA or RA of PIP joints
55
Excessive thoracic kyphosis in teens from vertebral end-plate abnormalities
Scheuermanns Disease
56
Marie Strumpell- bilateral SI joint pain, young adult males + HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis
57
Synovial cyst in popliteal fossa
Baker's cyst
58
Over 50 ALL calcification, cervical pain, reduced ROM; associated with diabetes mellitus
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Forestiers Disease DISH
59
Neurogenic joint aka
Charcot joint- posterior column disease
60
What are the 6 Ds of charcot joint disease?
``` Debris Dysfunction Deformity Dislocation Destructive Distention Disease ```
61
Diabetes mellitus joint dysfunction in feet and Syringomyelia in shoulder are associated with
Charcot/neurogenic joint disease
62
Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
Psoriatic arthritis Enteropathic arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis Reactive arthritis (reiters) Rheumatoid factor Rf negative
63
Myositis ossificans
Severe calcification of skeletal muscle (dystrophic calcification)
64
What are the 2 x-linked autosomal recessive muscular dystropies?
Erb-Duchenne- MC more severe, Gower sign lethal; pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles 0-12 Becker- less common and less severe, slower 10-70
65
What are the 2 autosomal dominant dystrophies?
Facioscapulohumeral- mild, kids | Myotonic-slow, adults
66
Guillain Barre aka
Acute demyelinating polyneuritis | Landrys paralysis
67
Acute polyneuropathy, polyradiculopathy and ASCENDING paralysis
Guillain barre- acute demyelinating polyneuritis
68
Myasthenia gravis aka
Erb-Goldflams- myoneural jx, decreased acetylcholine receptors, CN, ptosis and diplopia
69
Which muscle disorder is common with SCC of the lungs?
Lambert Eaton- increased contractions
70
Calf muscle atrophy, demyelination, onset in childhood?
Charcot-Marie tooth
71
McArdle's
30-40 myalgia, fatigue, cramps, weakness in exercising muscles

NBCE sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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