Pathology- musculoskeletal disorders Flashcards
What is an autosomal dominant disorder that produces skeletal fragility due to abnormal Alpha chains of Type 1 collagen?
Osteogenesis imperfecta- brittle bone disease, blue sclera
What is the MC form of dwarfism?
Achondroplasia- inhibits epiphyseal chondrocyte growth
Why does osteopetrosis produce excessively dense bone?
Inhibited osteoclasts
Sclerosis
What is the key feature of osteopetrosis?
Erlenmeyer flask deformity
What is dowagers hump?
Vertebral bone fractures
What is most likely to produce Dowagers hump and femoral neck fractures?
Osteoporosis
What are the 3 causes of Ivory White Vertebra?
Paget’s- osteitis deformans
Lymphoma
Prostate cancer that has metastasized to spine
Breast cancer that metastasizes to the spine is most likely to be?
Osteolytic
What are the 2 MC causes of hyperparathyroidism?
1 adenoma
2 renal failure
What are avascular necrosis aka?
Ischemic necrosis
Aseptic necrosis
Osteochondrosis
What are 2 types of avasacular necrosis both seen in kids?
Osgood schlatters- tibial tuberosity 13-16
Legg calve Perthes- femoral head 4-8
What is the MC primary bone cancer?
Osteosarcoma
What is the MC plasma cell cancer discovered in bone?
Multiple myeloma
What are the 4 MC primary bone tumors?
Osteosarcoma
Multiple Myeloma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
What are the 2 epiphyseal tumors?
Giant cell- old
Chondroblastoma- young
What are the 2 diaphyseal tumors?
Ewing-young
Multiple myeloma-old
What is plasma cell cytoma?
Multiple myeloma
What are the key features of MM?
Reversed A/G ratio on electrophoresis has M-spike Lytic Diaphyseal Bence Jones proteinuria NO periosteal reaction
Which primary bone tumor has a periosteal reaction?
Ewing sarcoma
What is a cancer of bone that can be both benign and malignant?
Giant cell
What is tumor of glandular tissue?
Adenoma
What tumor is characterized by nocturnal pain, relieved by aspirin and radiolucent nidus?
Osteoid osteoma
What malignant tumor produces a Codman triangle and a sunburst periosteal reaction?
Osteosarcoma
What is a common malignant tumor of Li?
Adenocarcinoma
What compresses nerves and produces cafe au lait spots?
Neurofibromatosis- chromosome 17
What is Ollier disease?
Multiple enchondromas in hands
What is a bone cancer that affects middle aged with a stippled or popcorn appearance on x-ray. Can also invade joints, usually hips or pelvis?
Chondrosarcoma
What is McCune Albright syndrome
Fibrous dysplasia, cafe au lait spots and endocrine hyper-function
What are the 2 conditions that characteristically cause cafe au lait spots?
Neurofibromatosis
McCune Albright
What is osteopetrosis aka?
Albers-Schonberg disease; stone bone, sandwich vertebra
What is pheochromocytoma?
Benign tumor of adrenal or sympathetics
What is a rhabdomyoma?
Benign tumor of skeletal muscle
What is a malignant tumor of astrocytes?
Glioblastoma
What is a carcinoma of the ovary, from GI?
Krunkenberg’s Tumor
What is Grawitz tumor?
Renal adenocarcinoma
Seminoma
Tumor of testes
S/S of osteitis deformans
Older males, bone deformities, mosaic layers, bowing tibia, pseudofractures
Osteoblastic-osteoclastic activity
IVORY WHITE VERTEBRAE and increased ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
Neurofibromatosis aka
Von Recklinghausens disease- autosomal dominant chromosome 17
Fibrous dysplasia
Bone thinning and lesions and growths in bone
Seen in McCune Albright and Neurofibromatosis
Staph infection in bone
Osteomyelitis
Pott’s disease increased
Kyphoses= Gibbus deformity
MC benign tumor of vertebra
Hemangioma
MC benign bone tumor
Osteochondroma
Osteoarthritis aka
Degenerative Joint Disease- make bone
S/S osteoarthritis
OSTEOBLASTIC
Subchondral sclerosis
Bony eburnation
Narrowing joint spaces
RA + pneumonia
Caplans
Long standing RA
Felty’s- RA + splenomegaly + neutropenia
Juvenile RA
Stills
What does RA usually destroy
MCP joints- symmetrical
Pannus formation(granulation tissue), ulnar deviation, bony ankylosis, swan neck or boutonnière deformity(deformed finger joint) are characteristic of?
RA
Ankylosis
Stiffening or immobility of joint dt fusion of bone
What is a reactive arthritis from STD usually chlamydia that affects feet, spine, Conjunctivits, urethritis?
Reiter’s
Can’t See Can’t Pee Can’t Dance With Me
Herberden’s nodes
Osteoarthritis DIP joints
Bouchard’s nodes
OA or RA of PIP joints
Excessive thoracic kyphosis in teens from vertebral end-plate abnormalities
Scheuermanns Disease
Marie Strumpell- bilateral SI joint pain, young adult males + HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis
Synovial cyst in popliteal fossa
Baker’s cyst
Over 50 ALL calcification, cervical pain, reduced ROM; associated with diabetes mellitus
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Forestiers Disease
DISH
Neurogenic joint aka
Charcot joint- posterior column disease
What are the 6 Ds of charcot joint disease?
Debris Dysfunction Deformity Dislocation Destructive Distention Disease
Diabetes mellitus joint dysfunction in feet and Syringomyelia in shoulder are associated with
Charcot/neurogenic joint disease
Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
Psoriatic arthritis
Enteropathic arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Reactive arthritis (reiters)
Rheumatoid factor Rf negative
Myositis ossificans
Severe calcification of skeletal muscle (dystrophic calcification)
What are the 2 x-linked autosomal recessive muscular dystropies?
Erb-Duchenne- MC more severe, Gower sign lethal; pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles 0-12
Becker- less common and less severe, slower 10-70
What are the 2 autosomal dominant dystrophies?
Facioscapulohumeral- mild, kids
Myotonic-slow, adults
Guillain Barre aka
Acute demyelinating polyneuritis
Landrys paralysis
Acute polyneuropathy, polyradiculopathy and ASCENDING paralysis
Guillain barre- acute demyelinating polyneuritis
Myasthenia gravis aka
Erb-Goldflams- myoneural jx, decreased acetylcholine receptors, CN, ptosis and diplopia
Which muscle disorder is common with SCC of the lungs?
Lambert Eaton- increased contractions
Calf muscle atrophy, demyelination, onset in childhood?
Charcot-Marie tooth
McArdle’s
30-40 myalgia, fatigue, cramps, weakness in exercising muscles
