biochemistry sample questions Flashcards
oxidation of which substance results in ketone bodies?
a. maltose
b. fatty acids
c. glucose
d. aldehyde
b. fatty acids
Synthesis of 1 molecule of glucose from lactate requires ____ ATP.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 6
a. 2
anaerobic glycolysis- lactic acid cycle
lactate back into glucose by the liver= Cori cycle
glucose precursors are primarily derived from ____.
a. fatty acids
b. sterols
c. amino acids
d. ketone bodies
c. amino acids
Which of these is a disaccharide with B 1->4 bond?
a. lactose
b. maltose
c. sucrose
d. cellulose
a. lactose
which of these is a C-4 epimer of glucose?
a. galactose
b. mannose
c. fructose
d. ribose
a. galactose
which of these is a C-2 epimer of glucose?
a. galactose
b. mannose
c. fructose
d. ribose
b. mannose
which of these compounds is a simple sugar?
a. maltose
b. glycogen
c. dihydroxyacetone
d. cellulose
c. dihydroxyacetone
dihydroxyacetone is a triose which is a simple sugar or monosaccharide
the other trioses are L and D glyceraldehyde
trioses are important in cellular respiration
What is the principal carbohydrate produced by the action of alpha-amylase on dietary starch?
a. alpha-amylose
b. glucose
c. amylopectin
d. maltose
d. maltose
The hydrolysis of amylopectin by amylase results in what end product?
a. amylose
b. cellulose
c. sucrose
d. limit dextrin
d. limit dextrin
hydrolysis of amylose by amylase results in dextrins
The enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of maltose are secreted by the mucosal cells of the _____.
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. pancreas
c. small intestine
maltase, lactase and sucrase are brush border enzymes of the small intestine
Carbon atoms for fatty acid synthesis are transported to the cytoplasm in the form of ____.
a. succinyl-CoA
b. citrate
c. acetyl-CoA
d. pyruvate
c. acetyl-CoA
fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases
succinyl-CoA, citrate and pyruvate are involved in citric acid cycle
The malic enzyme catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate and provides which substance used in fatty acid biosynthesis?
a. oxaloacetate
b. NADPH
c. acetyl-CoA
d. NADH
c. acetyl-CoA
Cholesterol is NOT a precursor of _____.
a. aldosterone
b. estrogen
c. Vitamin D
d. lecithin
d. lecithin
Triacylglycerols are transported from intestinal cells to adipose cells within _____.
a. chylomicrons
b. VLDLs
c. LDLs
d. HDLs
a. chylomicrons
The bonding between the fatty acid and the glycerol in a 2-monoacylglycerol is best described as which of these?
a. glycosidic bond
b. ester linkage
c. peptide linkage
d. anhydride bond
b. ester linkage
A lack of lipoprotein lipase results in ____.
a. a decrease in free fatty acids released by adipocytes
b. an elevated level of chylomicrons following a high fat meal
c. overproduction of LDLs
d. overproduction of HDLs
b. an elevated level of chylomicrons following a high fat meal
known as familial chylomicronemia syndrome- autosomal recessive
Which of these is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
a. shrimp
b. butter
c. salmon
d. chicken
c. salmon
Which type of fatty acid is abundant in olive oil?
a. saturated
b. monounsaturated
c. short-chain
d. polyunsaturated
b. monounsaturated
Dietary lipids are converted into _____ by pancreatic lipase
a. lipoproteins
b. 2-monoacylglyercols
c. bile salts
d. cholesterol
b. 2-monoacylglycerols
Which of these actions occurs during the alanine cycle?
a. Pyruvate converted to glucose in the liver
b. Pyruvate transaminated to glutamate in liver
c. Pyruvate transported from skeletal muscle to liver
d. Gluconeogenesis occurs in the skeletal muscle
c. Pyruvate transported from skeletal muscle to liver
called the Cahill cycle; pyruvate is transaminated to form alanine not glutamate
similar to Cori cycle, but Cori cycle uses lactate