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NBCE sample questions and important info > Pathology- organ systems > Flashcards

Pathology- organ systems Flashcards

1
Q

Congestive heart failure is what type of dysfunction and what does it cause?

A

Systolic dysfunction (contractile failure) causes PITTING edema (transudate)

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2
Q

What is the MC cause of right sided heart failure

A

Left sided heart failure

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3
Q

What is cor pulmonale

A

Right sided HF from pulmonary HTN and common from lung pathology

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4
Q

What is the MC congenital cardiac malformation?

A

Ventricular septal defect

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5
Q

What is the MC cause of cyanosis at birth?

A

Tetralogy of fallot- boot shaped heart

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6
Q

What are the 4 things of tetralogy of fallot

A

Dextrorotation or aorta (overriding aorta)
Right ventricular hypertrophic
Intraventricular septal defect
Pulmonary artery stenosis

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7
Q

What valves are affected in rheumatic fever?

A

Mitral and aortic

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8
Q

What is a congenital disorder where there is a failure of closure btw pulmonary artery and aorta?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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9
Q

What is characterized as upper extremity HTN with lower extremity cyanosis (vascular claudation)

A

Aortic coarctation- associated with Turners

Bicuspid valve

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10
Q

Which angina is dt a coronary artery vasospasm that commonly occurs while resting

A

Variant/prinzmetal

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11
Q

Which angina is closer to MI, increased freq and prolonged duration

A

Unstable or crescendo

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12
Q

What labs show MI

A

CK-MB, troponins, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase

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13
Q

What is the MC cardiomyopathy seen in alcoholics, MD, wet beriberi and hemochromatosis

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

Describe dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Gradual cardiac failure w/ hypertrophy of heart

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15
Q

Which cardiomyopathy is seen in adolescent athletes with a massive ventricular septum and machine-like murmur

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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16
Q

Which cardiomyopathy is uncommon and may be from senile cardiac amyloidosis

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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17
Q

Infective endocarditis

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

Myocarditis

A

Viral

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19
Q

Inability of LES to relax, birds beak sign

A

Achalasia

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20
Q

Diverticulum at lower pharyngeal region, cause halitosis

A

Zenkers diverticulum

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21
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Advanced liver cirrhosis

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22
Q

Longitudinal tear of lower esophagus from vomiting

A

Mallory-Weiss tear- alcoholics

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23
Q

What is the MC stomach cancer

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

Gastric ulcers are located

A

Lesser curvature of stomach

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25
Q

Congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter with white projectile vomit

A

Pyloric stenosis

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26
Q

What are the congenital diverticula of the stomach

A

Meckle diverticulum

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27
Q

What is a congenital absence of Meissners and Auerbach plexus causing congenital mega colon

A

Hirschsrpungs disease

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28
Q

What is found in the ascending colon that produces polyps

A

Gardeners syndrome

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29
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A 
Pseudopolyps 
Mucosal ulceration
Watery stools
Pockets of megacolon 
Episodic bloody diarrhea
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30
Q

Crohns

A

Regional enteritis- skip lesions in distal ileum and colon

Chronic diarrhea

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31
Q

What is a small bowel infection that is progressive and fatal and can have lymph obstruction

A

Whipples disease

32
Q

What is MC cause of pneumonia

A

Bacteria

33
Q

What is MC type of bacteria pneumonia

A

Lobar pneumonia

34
Q

What are causes of Horner’s syndrome

A

Whiplash
Smoking
Asbestos
Pancoast tumor

35
Q

Where is a pancoast tumor

A

Apex of lung- affects brachial plexus

36
Q

COPD is an increased resistance to airflow during

A

Forced expiration

37
Q

Blue bloater

A

Chronic bronchitis

38
Q

Pink puffer

A

Emphysema- destruction of alveolar septa; barrel chest

39
Q

Curschmanns spirals, Charcots Laden crystals, thick sputum and bronchial spasm

A

Asthma

40
Q

What develops from extreme trauma of the lungs, diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membranes and lethal hypoxia?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

41
Q

MC form of pneumoconiosis

A

Silicosis

42
Q

What is a condition where body cant produce cilia

A

Kartagener syndrome

43
Q

Which disease produces antibodies against Lung and Kidney? Glomerulonephritis and necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonia

A

Goodpasture syndrome- basement membrane

44
Q

Hand-Schuller Christian syndrome

A

Lung and bone lytic lesions

45
Q

What is 2ndary to oat cell carcinoma of the lungs

A

Lambert-eaton

46
Q

What is the TB sensitization test

A

Mantoux test/ PPD test

47
Q

Ghon focus, Fhon complex and Ranke complex all associated with

A

TB

48
Q

What is the MC lung cancer, usually females who have never smoked

A

Adenocarcinoma

49
Q

What types of cancer is smoking usually associated with

A

Small cell lung cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma

50
Q

Pulmonary empyema

A

Pus in the pleural cavity

51
Q

What infection secretes exotoxins that can cause myocarditis, pseudomembranes and may cause airway obstruction

A

Diphtheria

52
Q

Noncaseating granulomas in many tissues/organs

A

Sarcoidosis

53
Q

Pneumoconiosis siderosis

A

Iron dust

54
Q

Uterine fibroids known as

A

Uterine leiomyoma

55
Q

RBC casts

A

Glomerulonephritis

56
Q

WBC casts

A

Pyelonephritis- renal pelvis inflammation

57
Q

HEP acronym for nephrotic syndrome

A

HTN
Edema
Proteinuria

58
Q

E. coli MC causes

A

Urethritis

59
Q

Cystitis

A

Common female bladder infection

Older men- prostate

60
Q

Uterine cancer

A

Leiomyosarcoma

61
Q

PCOD causes

A

Hirsutism and obesity

62
Q

what lobe is benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

lateral lobe

63
Q

what lobe will you see prostate cancer?

A

posterior lobe

64
Q

where do you see blastic mets of prostate cancer?

A

pelvis and lumbar spine

65
Q

balantitis

A

inflam glans penis and prepuce

66
Q

hypospadias

A

ventral surface- boots

67
Q

epispadias

A

dorsal surface- goggles

68
Q

constriction of foreskin- can’t retract

A

phimosis

69
Q

turtle neck

A

paraphimosis

70
Q

dysplasia of cavernous sheaths- crooked penis

A

Peyronie’s disease

71
Q

abnormal erection

A

priapism

72
Q

swelling of scrotum

A

hydrocele

73
Q

bag of worms

A

varicocele

74
Q

blood in testes

A

hematocele

75
Q

inflammation of fallopian tubes

A

salpingitis

76
Q

benign mass instead of fetus

A

hydatidiform mole

77
Q

instead of fetus cancerous mass

A

choriocarcinoma

NBCE sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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