Pathology- organ systems Flashcards
Congestive heart failure is what type of dysfunction and what does it cause?
Systolic dysfunction (contractile failure) causes PITTING edema (transudate)
What is the MC cause of right sided heart failure
Left sided heart failure
What is cor pulmonale
Right sided HF from pulmonary HTN and common from lung pathology
What is the MC congenital cardiac malformation?
Ventricular septal defect
What is the MC cause of cyanosis at birth?
Tetralogy of fallot- boot shaped heart
What are the 4 things of tetralogy of fallot
Dextrorotation or aorta (overriding aorta)
Right ventricular hypertrophic
Intraventricular septal defect
Pulmonary artery stenosis
What valves are affected in rheumatic fever?
Mitral and aortic
What is a congenital disorder where there is a failure of closure btw pulmonary artery and aorta?
Patent ductus arteriosus
What is characterized as upper extremity HTN with lower extremity cyanosis (vascular claudation)
Aortic coarctation- associated with Turners
Bicuspid valve
Which angina is dt a coronary artery vasospasm that commonly occurs while resting
Variant/prinzmetal
Which angina is closer to MI, increased freq and prolonged duration
Unstable or crescendo
What labs show MI
CK-MB, troponins, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase
What is the MC cardiomyopathy seen in alcoholics, MD, wet beriberi and hemochromatosis
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Describe dilated cardiomyopathy
Gradual cardiac failure w/ hypertrophy of heart
Which cardiomyopathy is seen in adolescent athletes with a massive ventricular septum and machine-like murmur
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Which cardiomyopathy is uncommon and may be from senile cardiac amyloidosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Infective endocarditis
Bacteria
Myocarditis
Viral
Inability of LES to relax, birds beak sign
Achalasia
Diverticulum at lower pharyngeal region, cause halitosis
Zenkers diverticulum
Esophageal varices
Advanced liver cirrhosis
Longitudinal tear of lower esophagus from vomiting
Mallory-Weiss tear- alcoholics
What is the MC stomach cancer
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Gastric ulcers are located
Lesser curvature of stomach
Congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter with white projectile vomit
Pyloric stenosis
What are the congenital diverticula of the stomach
Meckle diverticulum
What is a congenital absence of Meissners and Auerbach plexus causing congenital mega colon
Hirschsrpungs disease
What is found in the ascending colon that produces polyps
Gardeners syndrome
Ulcerative colitis
Pseudopolyps Mucosal ulceration Watery stools Pockets of megacolon Episodic bloody diarrhea
Crohns
Regional enteritis- skip lesions in distal ileum and colon
Chronic diarrhea
What is a small bowel infection that is progressive and fatal and can have lymph obstruction
Whipples disease
What is MC cause of pneumonia
Bacteria
What is MC type of bacteria pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
What are causes of Horner’s syndrome
Whiplash
Smoking
Asbestos
Pancoast tumor
Where is a pancoast tumor
Apex of lung- affects brachial plexus
COPD is an increased resistance to airflow during
Forced expiration
Blue bloater
Chronic bronchitis
Pink puffer
Emphysema- destruction of alveolar septa; barrel chest
Curschmanns spirals, Charcots Laden crystals, thick sputum and bronchial spasm
Asthma
What develops from extreme trauma of the lungs, diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membranes and lethal hypoxia?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
MC form of pneumoconiosis
Silicosis
What is a condition where body cant produce cilia
Kartagener syndrome
Which disease produces antibodies against Lung and Kidney? Glomerulonephritis and necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonia
Goodpasture syndrome- basement membrane
Hand-Schuller Christian syndrome
Lung and bone lytic lesions
What is 2ndary to oat cell carcinoma of the lungs
Lambert-eaton
What is the TB sensitization test
Mantoux test/ PPD test
Ghon focus, Fhon complex and Ranke complex all associated with
TB
What is the MC lung cancer, usually females who have never smoked
Adenocarcinoma
What types of cancer is smoking usually associated with
Small cell lung cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Pulmonary empyema
Pus in the pleural cavity
What infection secretes exotoxins that can cause myocarditis, pseudomembranes and may cause airway obstruction
Diphtheria
Noncaseating granulomas in many tissues/organs
Sarcoidosis
Pneumoconiosis siderosis
Iron dust
Uterine fibroids known as
Uterine leiomyoma
RBC casts
Glomerulonephritis
WBC casts
Pyelonephritis- renal pelvis inflammation
HEP acronym for nephrotic syndrome
HTN
Edema
Proteinuria
E. coli MC causes
Urethritis
Cystitis
Common female bladder infection
Older men- prostate
Uterine cancer
Leiomyosarcoma
PCOD causes
Hirsutism and obesity
what lobe is benign prostatic hypertrophy
lateral lobe
what lobe will you see prostate cancer?
posterior lobe
where do you see blastic mets of prostate cancer?
pelvis and lumbar spine
balantitis
inflam glans penis and prepuce
hypospadias
ventral surface- boots
epispadias
dorsal surface- goggles
constriction of foreskin- can’t retract
phimosis
turtle neck
paraphimosis
dysplasia of cavernous sheaths- crooked penis
Peyronie’s disease
abnormal erection
priapism
swelling of scrotum
hydrocele
bag of worms
varicocele
blood in testes
hematocele
inflammation of fallopian tubes
salpingitis
benign mass instead of fetus
hydatidiform mole
instead of fetus cancerous mass
choriocarcinoma
