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NBCE sample questions and important info > Pathology- organ systems > Flashcards

Pathology- organ systems Flashcards

1
Q

Congestive heart failure is what type of dysfunction and what does it cause?

A

Systolic dysfunction (contractile failure) causes PITTING edema (transudate)

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2
Q

What is the MC cause of right sided heart failure

A

Left sided heart failure

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3
Q

What is cor pulmonale

A

Right sided HF from pulmonary HTN and common from lung pathology

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4
Q

What is the MC congenital cardiac malformation?

A

Ventricular septal defect

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5
Q

What is the MC cause of cyanosis at birth?

A

Tetralogy of fallot- boot shaped heart

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6
Q

What are the 4 things of tetralogy of fallot

A

Dextrorotation or aorta (overriding aorta)
Right ventricular hypertrophic
Intraventricular septal defect
Pulmonary artery stenosis

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7
Q

What valves are affected in rheumatic fever?

A

Mitral and aortic

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8
Q

What is a congenital disorder where there is a failure of closure btw pulmonary artery and aorta?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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9
Q

What is characterized as upper extremity HTN with lower extremity cyanosis (vascular claudation)

A

Aortic coarctation- associated with Turners

Bicuspid valve

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10
Q

Which angina is dt a coronary artery vasospasm that commonly occurs while resting

A

Variant/prinzmetal

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11
Q

Which angina is closer to MI, increased freq and prolonged duration

A

Unstable or crescendo

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12
Q

What labs show MI

A

CK-MB, troponins, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase

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13
Q

What is the MC cardiomyopathy seen in alcoholics, MD, wet beriberi and hemochromatosis

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

Describe dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Gradual cardiac failure w/ hypertrophy of heart

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15
Q

Which cardiomyopathy is seen in adolescent athletes with a massive ventricular septum and machine-like murmur

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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16
Q

Which cardiomyopathy is uncommon and may be from senile cardiac amyloidosis

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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17
Q

Infective endocarditis

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

Myocarditis

A

Viral

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19
Q

Inability of LES to relax, birds beak sign

A

Achalasia

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20
Q

Diverticulum at lower pharyngeal region, cause halitosis

A

Zenkers diverticulum

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21
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Advanced liver cirrhosis

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22
Q

Longitudinal tear of lower esophagus from vomiting

A

Mallory-Weiss tear- alcoholics

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23
Q

What is the MC stomach cancer

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

Gastric ulcers are located

A

Lesser curvature of stomach

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25
Congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter with white projectile vomit
Pyloric stenosis
26
What are the congenital diverticula of the stomach
Meckle diverticulum
27
What is a congenital absence of Meissners and Auerbach plexus causing congenital mega colon
Hirschsrpungs disease
28
What is found in the ascending colon that produces polyps
Gardeners syndrome
29
Ulcerative colitis
``` Pseudopolyps Mucosal ulceration Watery stools Pockets of megacolon Episodic bloody diarrhea ```
30
Crohns
Regional enteritis- skip lesions in distal ileum and colon | Chronic diarrhea
31
What is a small bowel infection that is progressive and fatal and can have lymph obstruction
Whipples disease
32
What is MC cause of pneumonia
Bacteria
33
What is MC type of bacteria pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
34
What are causes of Horner's syndrome
Whiplash Smoking Asbestos Pancoast tumor
35
Where is a pancoast tumor
Apex of lung- affects brachial plexus
36
COPD is an increased resistance to airflow during
Forced expiration
37
Blue bloater
Chronic bronchitis
38
Pink puffer
Emphysema- destruction of alveolar septa; barrel chest
39
Curschmanns spirals, Charcots Laden crystals, thick sputum and bronchial spasm
Asthma
40
What develops from extreme trauma of the lungs, diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membranes and lethal hypoxia?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
41
MC form of pneumoconiosis
Silicosis
42
What is a condition where body cant produce cilia
Kartagener syndrome
43
Which disease produces antibodies against Lung and Kidney? Glomerulonephritis and necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonia
Goodpasture syndrome- basement membrane
44
Hand-Schuller Christian syndrome
Lung and bone lytic lesions
45
What is 2ndary to oat cell carcinoma of the lungs
Lambert-eaton
46
What is the TB sensitization test
Mantoux test/ PPD test
47
Ghon focus, Fhon complex and Ranke complex all associated with
TB
48
What is the MC lung cancer, usually females who have never smoked
Adenocarcinoma
49
What types of cancer is smoking usually associated with
Small cell lung cancer | Squamous cell carcinoma
50
Pulmonary empyema
Pus in the pleural cavity
51
What infection secretes exotoxins that can cause myocarditis, pseudomembranes and may cause airway obstruction
Diphtheria
52
Noncaseating granulomas in many tissues/organs
Sarcoidosis
53
Pneumoconiosis siderosis
Iron dust
54
Uterine fibroids known as
Uterine leiomyoma
55
RBC casts
Glomerulonephritis
56
WBC casts
Pyelonephritis- renal pelvis inflammation
57
HEP acronym for nephrotic syndrome
HTN Edema Proteinuria
58
E. coli MC causes
Urethritis
59
Cystitis
Common female bladder infection | Older men- prostate
60
Uterine cancer
Leiomyosarcoma
61
PCOD causes
Hirsutism and obesity
62
what lobe is benign prostatic hypertrophy
lateral lobe
63
what lobe will you see prostate cancer?
posterior lobe
64
where do you see blastic mets of prostate cancer?
pelvis and lumbar spine
65
balantitis
inflam glans penis and prepuce
66
hypospadias
ventral surface- boots
67
epispadias
dorsal surface- goggles
68
constriction of foreskin- can't retract
phimosis
69
turtle neck
paraphimosis
70
dysplasia of cavernous sheaths- crooked penis
Peyronie's disease
71
abnormal erection
priapism
72
swelling of scrotum
hydrocele
73
bag of worms
varicocele
74
blood in testes
hematocele
75
inflammation of fallopian tubes
salpingitis
76
benign mass instead of fetus
hydatidiform mole
77
instead of fetus cancerous mass
choriocarcinoma

NBCE sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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