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NBCE sample questions and important info > PNS cranial nerves important info > Flashcards

PNS cranial nerves important info Flashcards

1
Q

what is the smallest CN?

A

trochlear

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2
Q

what is the longest CN?

A

vagus

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3
Q

what are the skull openings for the cranial nerves?

A

Come On SOFia SOFia SOFia ROll OVer SOFia I AM In A Mood (for) JUgs JUgs JUgs Hello

I Cribiform plate
II Optic canal 
III Superior Orbital Fissure 
IV Superior Orbital Fissure 
V1 Superior Orbital Fissure 
V2 foramen Rotundum
V3 foramen Ovale 
VI SOF
VII Internal Acoustic Meatus 
VIII Internal Acoustic Meatus 
IX Jugular foramen 
X Jugular foramen 
XI Jugular foramen 
XII Hypoglossal canal
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4
Q

what is the pathway of upper motor neurons?

A

descends through the corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri -> most cross in pyramids-> descend in LATERAL corticospinal tract-> synapse in anterior horn (lamina VII) of gray matter

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5
Q

what are the 2 types of UMN?

A

pyramidal and extrapyramidal

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6
Q

what is the pathway of lower motor neurons?

A

exit cord via anterior rootlets-> carried in names nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscles

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7
Q

primary/ first order neurons are located where and carry info where?

A

located in dorsal root (spinal) ganglion

carry info PNS->CNS

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8
Q

where do secondary/ second order neurons carry info?

A

to the thalamus

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9
Q

where do tertiary/ third order neurons carry info?

A

to the cerebral cortex

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10
Q

the olfactory nerves enter the olfactory bulb and synapse where?

A

on the dendrites of mitral cells

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11
Q

what is the job of mitral cells?

A

relay info posterior via the olfactory tract

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12
Q

what are the layers of the eye?

A

Fibrous tunic- sclera, cornea
vascular tunic- ciliary body, iris, choroid
retina- 10 layers

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13
Q

what cells form the myelin of the optic nerve?

A

oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

the optic tract travels around cerebral peduncles and synapse on 1 or 3 nuclei of termination, what are they?

A

lateral geniculate body- most synapse here and relay to cerebral cortex
superior colliculus- relayed to tectospinal tract
pretectal nucleus of midbrain- deal with light reflexes

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15
Q

complete blindness in 1 eye indicates lesion of?

A

optic nerve

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16
Q

tunnel vision indicates lesion?

A

optic chiasma

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17
Q

blindness in both eyes indicates lesion of

A

optic tract

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18
Q

which areas send axons TO the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei?

A

Broadmann area 8
superior colliculus
medial longitudinal fasciculus

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19
Q

what muscles are supplied by the oculomotor nerve?

A

superior, medial and inferior rectus
levator palpebra superioris
inferior oblique

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20
Q

the trochlear nerve has communication with which plexus?

A

cavernous (sympathetic) plexus

21
Q

what is the primary action of the superior oblique?

A

depression of eyeball; look down and out

22
Q

what are the 3 nuclei of termination for trigeminal nerve?

A

main sensory
spinal
trigeminal mesencephalic

23
Q

what is the nucleus of origin for trigeminal nerve?

A

trigeminal motor nucleus (pons)

24
Q

what branch of trigeminal carries motor fibers?

A

mandibular- muscles of mastication

25
Q

where are trigeminal ganglion found?

A

trigeminal (Meckel’s) cave

26
Q

what are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve, trigeminal VI?

A

meningeal nerve
lacrimal nerve
frontal nerve- supratrochlear and supraorbital
nasociliary nerve

27
Q

what are the branches of the maxillary division trigeminal V2?

A

middle meningeal
zygomatic
ganglionic branches
infraorbital

28
Q

what are the branches of the mandibular division trigeminal V3?

A

recurrent meningeal
medial pterygoid

anterior motor division
posterior sensory division

29
Q

general sensation from external ear, lateral tympanic membrane and taste information is carried to the _______ ganglion and synapses at the _______ nucleus

A

geniculate; solitary

30
Q

the greater petrosal nerve (branch of facial) comes off the _____ ganglion and joins the _____ ganglion

A

geniculate; pterygopalatine

31
Q

what are the 3 branches of the facial nerve in the facial canal?

A

greater petrosal
nerve to stapedius
chorda tympani

32
Q

what are the 3 branches off the facial between the stylomastoid foramen and parotid gland?

A

digastric
stylohyoid
posterior auricular

33
Q

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve involved in facial expression?

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular 
cervical
34
Q

the cochlear nerve is composed of axons from which ganglion?

A

spiral ganglion

35
Q

describe the cochlear nerve pathway

A

spiral ganglion -> organ of corti -> superior MO or cross over to trapezoid nuclei -> lateral lemniscus

36
Q

describe the pathway of the vestibular nerve

A

dendrites from vestibular ganglion -> saccule, utricle, semicircular ducts -> medial vestibular nucleus (Schwalbe) or cerebellum

37
Q

where is the vestibular nuclei located?

A

MO on floor of rhomboid fossa

38
Q

the glossopharyngeal nerve carries motor info to which muscle?

A

stylopharyngeus

39
Q

the glossopharyngeal carries sensory info from the pharynx to?

A

taste- posterior tongue
parotid glands
uvula
palatine tonsils

40
Q

taste info from the posterior tongue comes from which ganglion?

A

inferior ganglion

41
Q

which ganglion carries visceral afferent info from the carotid body and sinus?

A

inferior ganglion

42
Q

which nucleus contributes lower motor neurons to CN IX, X, and XI?

A

nucleus ambiguus

43
Q

what 2 ganglia are associated with the vagus nerve?

A

jugular/superior

nodose/inferior

44
Q

what is the pathway of the vagus nerve?

A

MO -> jugular foramen -> carotid sheath btw internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein -> pharyngeal branch -> carotid artery -> superior laryngeal -> recurrent laryngeal -> aortic arch (left); subclavian artery (right) -> superior and inferior cardiac branches -> thorax -> esophagus -> Right vagus(posterior trunk)-abdominal cavity- duodenum, liver, kidneys, SI, prox 2/3 Li -> left vagus(anterior trunk)- abdominal cavity- stomach, liver, pancreas, superior duodenum

45
Q

what are the 2 roots of the accessory nerve?

A

cranial root

spinal root

46
Q

what does the cranial root merge with and where does it go?

A

merges with vagus nerve to the pharyngeal plexus for motor supply of the laryngeal muscles

47
Q

what does the spinal root supply?

A

SCM and trapezius

48
Q

what muscles does the hypoglossal nerve supply?

A

hypoglossus
genioglossus
styloglossus

49
Q

what muscle does the hypoglossal nerve NOT supply?

A

palatoglossus

NBCE sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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