PNS cranial nerves important info Flashcards
what is the smallest CN?
trochlear
what is the longest CN?
vagus
what are the skull openings for the cranial nerves?
Come On SOFia SOFia SOFia ROll OVer SOFia I AM In A Mood (for) JUgs JUgs JUgs Hello
I Cribiform plate II Optic canal III Superior Orbital Fissure IV Superior Orbital Fissure V1 Superior Orbital Fissure V2 foramen Rotundum V3 foramen Ovale VI SOF VII Internal Acoustic Meatus VIII Internal Acoustic Meatus IX Jugular foramen X Jugular foramen XI Jugular foramen XII Hypoglossal canal
what is the pathway of upper motor neurons?
descends through the corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri -> most cross in pyramids-> descend in LATERAL corticospinal tract-> synapse in anterior horn (lamina VII) of gray matter
what are the 2 types of UMN?
pyramidal and extrapyramidal
what is the pathway of lower motor neurons?
exit cord via anterior rootlets-> carried in names nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscles
primary/ first order neurons are located where and carry info where?
located in dorsal root (spinal) ganglion
carry info PNS->CNS
where do secondary/ second order neurons carry info?
to the thalamus
where do tertiary/ third order neurons carry info?
to the cerebral cortex
the olfactory nerves enter the olfactory bulb and synapse where?
on the dendrites of mitral cells
what is the job of mitral cells?
relay info posterior via the olfactory tract
what are the layers of the eye?
Fibrous tunic- sclera, cornea
vascular tunic- ciliary body, iris, choroid
retina- 10 layers
what cells form the myelin of the optic nerve?
oligodendrocytes
the optic tract travels around cerebral peduncles and synapse on 1 or 3 nuclei of termination, what are they?
lateral geniculate body- most synapse here and relay to cerebral cortex
superior colliculus- relayed to tectospinal tract
pretectal nucleus of midbrain- deal with light reflexes
complete blindness in 1 eye indicates lesion of?
optic nerve
tunnel vision indicates lesion?
optic chiasma
blindness in both eyes indicates lesion of
optic tract
which areas send axons TO the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nuclei?
Broadmann area 8
superior colliculus
medial longitudinal fasciculus
what muscles are supplied by the oculomotor nerve?
superior, medial and inferior rectus
levator palpebra superioris
inferior oblique
the trochlear nerve has communication with which plexus?
cavernous (sympathetic) plexus
what is the primary action of the superior oblique?
depression of eyeball; look down and out
what are the 3 nuclei of termination for trigeminal nerve?
main sensory
spinal
trigeminal mesencephalic
what is the nucleus of origin for trigeminal nerve?
trigeminal motor nucleus (pons)
what branch of trigeminal carries motor fibers?
mandibular- muscles of mastication
where are trigeminal ganglion found?
trigeminal (Meckel’s) cave
what are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve, trigeminal VI?
meningeal nerve
lacrimal nerve
frontal nerve- supratrochlear and supraorbital
nasociliary nerve
what are the branches of the maxillary division trigeminal V2?
middle meningeal
zygomatic
ganglionic branches
infraorbital
what are the branches of the mandibular division trigeminal V3?
recurrent meningeal
medial pterygoid
anterior motor division
posterior sensory division
general sensation from external ear, lateral tympanic membrane and taste information is carried to the _______ ganglion and synapses at the _______ nucleus
geniculate; solitary
the greater petrosal nerve (branch of facial) comes off the _____ ganglion and joins the _____ ganglion
geniculate; pterygopalatine
what are the 3 branches of the facial nerve in the facial canal?
greater petrosal
nerve to stapedius
chorda tympani
what are the 3 branches off the facial between the stylomastoid foramen and parotid gland?
digastric
stylohyoid
posterior auricular
what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve involved in facial expression?
temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical
the cochlear nerve is composed of axons from which ganglion?
spiral ganglion
describe the cochlear nerve pathway
spiral ganglion -> organ of corti -> superior MO or cross over to trapezoid nuclei -> lateral lemniscus
describe the pathway of the vestibular nerve
dendrites from vestibular ganglion -> saccule, utricle, semicircular ducts -> medial vestibular nucleus (Schwalbe) or cerebellum
where is the vestibular nuclei located?
MO on floor of rhomboid fossa
the glossopharyngeal nerve carries motor info to which muscle?
stylopharyngeus
the glossopharyngeal carries sensory info from the pharynx to?
taste- posterior tongue
parotid glands
uvula
palatine tonsils
taste info from the posterior tongue comes from which ganglion?
inferior ganglion
which ganglion carries visceral afferent info from the carotid body and sinus?
inferior ganglion
which nucleus contributes lower motor neurons to CN IX, X, and XI?
nucleus ambiguus
what 2 ganglia are associated with the vagus nerve?
jugular/superior
nodose/inferior
what is the pathway of the vagus nerve?
MO -> jugular foramen -> carotid sheath btw internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein -> pharyngeal branch -> carotid artery -> superior laryngeal -> recurrent laryngeal -> aortic arch (left); subclavian artery (right) -> superior and inferior cardiac branches -> thorax -> esophagus -> Right vagus(posterior trunk)-abdominal cavity- duodenum, liver, kidneys, SI, prox 2/3 Li -> left vagus(anterior trunk)- abdominal cavity- stomach, liver, pancreas, superior duodenum
what are the 2 roots of the accessory nerve?
cranial root
spinal root
what does the cranial root merge with and where does it go?
merges with vagus nerve to the pharyngeal plexus for motor supply of the laryngeal muscles
what does the spinal root supply?
SCM and trapezius
what muscles does the hypoglossal nerve supply?
hypoglossus
genioglossus
styloglossus
what muscle does the hypoglossal nerve NOT supply?
palatoglossus
