Speciation and pathways of evolution

Question 1

Define speciation

Answer 1

the formation of a new species and the evolution of new groups of living organisms

Question 2

Pathways of evolution

Convergent evolution

ex

what is analogous feauture

Answer 2

Occurs when two or more species become increasingly similar in phenotype in response to similar selective pressures

ex Sharks and dolphins

not related but share smooth stream lined body

Analogous feature is when two body parts are similar in appearance but different in evolutionary origin

Question 3

Pathways of evolution

Divergent evolution

homologous feauture

Answer 3

occurs when two or more species evolve increasingly different traits, resulting from differing selective pressure or genetic drift

ex bird and whale have homologous feautures

homologous feature, structures that share a common origin but may serve diff function s in species ( ex human hand and bird wing or dolphin flipper)

Question 4

Adaptive radiation

Answer 4

Adaptive radiation is a process in which divergent evolution occurs in rapid succession, or simultaneously, among a number of groups to produce three or more species or higher taxa

ex) Ground finches from south America to other islands
-> These birds were adapted for eating medium sized seeds and therefore struggled when they tried to compete against smaller and larger size birds when eating smaller and larger seeds. When they found a new island, there was no competition with a medium sized seeds which allowed for Adaptive radiation

Question 5

Coevolution

Answer 5

one species evolves in response to the evolution of another species

ex leaf cutter ants baring leaves to underground chambers where fungus grows on it, which feds the ants, fungus cannot grow anywhere else on earth