DNA REPLICATION STEPS

Question 1

process of DNA replication

Answer 1

1) DNA gyrase reduces torsional tension within the DNA strands. furthermore DNA gyrase also reseals the strands after completion
2) Helicase unzips the strands by breaking H bonds between the complementary bases with the use of an ATP
3) SSB protein binds to each single strand to prevent the strands from recoiling together,
4)RNA Primase makes RNA primer to begin the process of replication, then Primer places a strand as a guide for DNA polymerase III. (RNA primer is around 10-12 bases long and is added at the 3’ end of old strand”
5) DNA polymerase III uses RNA guide to build in the 5’3 direction which is powered by the energy release from the breakage of phosphate bonds.
- Leading strand is built continuously towards replication fork
- lagging strand is built discontinuously away from replication fork
6) Ozaki fragments are formed from lagging strand and DNA polymerase I comes in and removes RNA primers/incorrect strands and replaces with proper DNA. Then ligase joins strands together to form a complete DNA strand.

7) DNA polymerase 1 and 3 proofread everything and spot one error in 10 million dnas

8) in eukaryotes, DNA replication happen at multiple locations at once

Question 2

extra: what does DNA stand for

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

what stage of mitosis does DNA replication occur at

Answer 3

S phase of Interphase