some of exam review for evolution

Question 1

what is the hardy weingberg principle

Answer 1

a method to quantify a gene pool by measuring the frequency of alleles
 evolutionary changes can be measured by looking for changes in allele
frequency

p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

Question 2

genetic drift

Answer 2

Genetic Drift  a change in the genetic makeup of a population resulting

from chance
 occurs in small populations
 genetic drift can lead to fixation of alleles, increasing the incidence of
homozygous recessive individuals and reducing genetic diversity
 a population may experience a bottleneck effect  drastically reduced
species numbers which results in a very small sample of alleles surviving to
establish a new population
 this can result in a founder effect  where the frequency of alleles will differ
from the original population
 as the new population grows, the allele frequencies may deviate further from
the original population

Question 3

What is Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 3

Individuals that are better adapted tend to survive and produce more offspring while the less well adapted tend to die or produce fewer offspring. Individuals that reproduce pass on characteristics to their offspring.

Question 4

what is a dichotomous key

Answer 4

➜ a series of choices that lead to new branches of the key, and the end result is the correct name of the organism being identified.