Lipids and oils

Question 1

What are Lipids?

what do they consist of

Answer 1

Lipids are hydrocarbons(consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon)
that are insoluble in water because they lack polar groups (thus hyrdohphobic)

Question 2

what do fats contain

Answer 2

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 3

What are the Main purposes of Lipids (4 points)

Answer 3

1)Fats provide insulation(protective layer to keep warm of fat) and energy storage in animals
2) phospholipids from plasma Membranes
3) Steroids are important cell messengers
4) waxes have protective functions in many organisms

Question 4

What two molecular units do fats and oils
contain and explain them

Answer 4

Glycerol and fatty acids

Glycerol is a soluble compound that has three hydroxyl groups.

Fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end

Carboxyl is an acid

Question 5

Characteristics of unsaturated fats 3 points and 2 examples

Answer 5

double bonds between their carbon atoms where there are less than two hydrogens per carbon?
Missing hydrogens
liquid
EXAMPLES —> sunflower, oils-corn

Question 6

Characteristics of saturated fats

Answer 6

Saturated fats have no double bond between their carbon atoms
Max hydrogens
Solid
ex Butter, animal fat

Question 7

how does the magnitude of Hydrogens affect the probability of a molecule to be broken down

Answer 7

Less Hydrogens result in a higher probability to be broken down.

Question 8

Cis - fatty acids

Answer 8

They are unsaturated fats that have the same missing hydrogens on the same side, the structure is also bent which makes it harder for them to pack together which lowers the melting point and thus become liquid at room temp. ex oil

Question 9

Trans - fatty acids

Answer 9

when the hydrogens missing from the structure are on opposite sides. no bend and thus have higher melting point and aer artificially produced by partial hydrogenation of veg and fish oils. used in margine

Question 10

What is a Triglyceride

Answer 10

glycerol joined to three fatty acids through three dehydration

Question 11

lipids have __ the amount of energy as carbs

Answer 11

2x

Question 12

Phospholipids and function?
what do they contain?

why is one part of phospholipids polar and the other isnt

Answer 12

Contain glycerol and 2 fatty acid chain and a phosphate group.

form the plasma membrane

head is polar (phosphate) and tail is nonpolar ( fatty acid chains)

Question 13

Waxes

Answer 13

lipids containing long-chain fatty acids linked to alcohols or carbon rings
-used to form waterproof coatings on various plant and animal parts ie beeswax, stems.