Kidney diseases

Question 1

What causes Kidney stones and what are the two types

is there a family history in kidney stones

Answer 1

precipitation of mineral solutes from the blood

the 2 groups: alkaline and acidic stones

yes

Question 2

methods to remove kidney stones

Answer 2

Drink lots of water

Pass on own

extracorporeal shock ( most frequent)

surgery

Question 3

how does extracorporeal shock ( most frequent) ESWL work

Answer 3

shock waves that travel through skin and body tissues until they hit the denser stones which break into small particles and are passed through urine.

Question 4

what’s another way of saying Nephritis and what is that disease

Answer 4

Bright’s Disease, it is the inflammation of nephrons

Question 5

causes of Bright’s disease or nephritis

what does this cause

Answer 5

Toxins by microbes may cause inflammation and alteration in permeability of nephron
Proteins may pass into nephron causing large volumes of urine production

Question 6

what is Dialysis Technology (general)

Answer 6

A process where substances are exchanged across a semipermeable membrane

and it is used for people who cannot effectively process bodily wastes

Question 7

Examples of Dialysis Technology

Answer 7

Hemodialysis
- Machine is hooked up directly to the patients blood stream and blood is pumped through the machine and cleansed. (3-4 times a week)

Peritoneal dialysis
- 2L of fluid is pumped into abdominal cavity and left
- After 2-6 hours, the fluid is drained and new fluid pumped in and process repeats
-advantage is that patients can do this themselves at home

Question 8

Kidney transplants

Answer 8

85% successful
-operation takes 2-4 hours
-old kidney is not removed unless very large/infected
-new kidney is placed in lower abdomen near groin by attaching blood vessels and bladder
- immunosuppressant drugs are given after transplant to help fight rejection of the organ