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Medicine > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones in the middle ear called?

A

Mallaus
Incus
Stapes

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2
Q

What is the window the stapes bangs on?

A

Oval

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3
Q

What is the fluid that the sounds waves vibrate through off the oval window?

A

Perilymph

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4
Q

What is the fluid in the cochear duct?

A

Endolymph

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5
Q

What is the first scala the sound waves pass through?

A

Scala Vestibula

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6
Q

What is the second scala the sound waves pass through?

A

Scala Tympani

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7
Q

What are the cells on the Basilar membrane?

A

Hair cells

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8
Q

What structures are on top of the hair cells?

A

Sterocillia

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9
Q

What structure regulates the ionic and metabolic environment of the scala media?

A

Stria Vascularis

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10
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released by the hair cells to activate the neurons?

A

Glutamate

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11
Q

What hair cells are involved in the Cochlear amplifier?

A

Outer Hair cells

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12
Q

What important functions does the Eustachan tube do?

A

Regulating pressure in the middle ear

Refreshing the air

Drainage off secretion from ear

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13
Q

What Hz can humans hear between?

A

20Hz - 20,000Hz

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14
Q

How many dBs can humans hear up to?

A

300dB

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15
Q

The middle ear adds ~30dB to the sound. How is this achieved?

A

The tympanic membrane is about 20x larger in diameter than the oval window. Therefore the lever system of the inner bones transmit this force down and into the oval window with each knock.

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16
Q

What end of the Basilar membrane will move in response to high frequency? and why is this?

A

The basal end of the basilar membrane will respond to high frequency. This is because it is narrower and stiffer. Requiring more energy to move it.

17
Q

What is the apex of the cochlear called?

A

Helicotrema

18
Q

What nerves control the taste sensation of the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve.

Made up of:

  • Cranial V
  • Cranial VII
19
Q

What nerve controls the taste sensation of the tongue on the posterior 1/3rd?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Cranial IX

20
Q

What nerve controls the muscle movement of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve.

Cranial XII

21
Q

What special cells are found on the tongue?

A

Posterior: Vallate

Posterior Sides: Folilate

Middle: Filiform

Apex: Fungiform

22
Q

Contraction of the superior oblique muscle of the eye would cause what movement and what nerve controls it?

A

Downward, inwards movement.

Cranial nerve IV. trochlear nerve.

Medicine (33 decks)

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