Cardiac Drugs

Question 1

Name the drug of choice for fibrinolytic activity.

Answer 1

Ateplase

Question 2

What is Aspirin? Mechanism?

Answer 2

Anti-platelet

irreversible Acetlylating serine residue on COX -1

Question 3

What is Dipyridamole?

Mechanism?

Answer 3

Anti-platelet

Inhibits Phosphodiesterase - ^cAMP = ^ NO & Prostacyclin

Question 4

What is Clopidogrel? Mechanism?

Answer 4

Anti- platelet

Blocks ADP receptors which Inhibits Glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa receptor - inhibiting platelet aggregation

Question 5

What is Abciximab? Function?

Answer 5

Anti-platelet

Blocks Glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa

Question 6

What drug is given to neutralise Heparin?

Answer 6

Protamine Sulfate

Question 7

What is the drug that delays the Funny Na2+ channels in the SA node, lowering HR?

Answer 7

Ivabradine

Question 8

Mechanism of NO in vasodilation?

Answer 8

Activation of Soluble Guanylyl cyclase.

increasing cGMP which activates:
myosin light chain phosphotase - inhibiting Ca2+ into cell.

Question 9

What are the two slower onset NO dilators?

Answer 9

Isosorbide dinitrate

Isosobride mononitritrate

Question 10

Name the Ca2+ channel blocker of choice for smooth muscle dilation.

Answer 10

Nifedipine

Question 11

Name the Ca2+ channel blocker of choice for relaxation of cardiac muscle.

Answer 11

Verapamil

Question 12

what is an intermediate Ca2+ channel blocker?

Answer 12

Diltiazem

Question 13

What channels do Ca2+ channel blockers block?

Answer 13

L-Type caclium channels

Question 14

Give two exmaples of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Answer 14

Losartan

Candesartan

Question 15

What drug would be given that would reverse the effects of a anti-cholinesterase?

Answer 15

Atropine

Question 16

What would be the outcome of anti-cholinesterase overdose/ poisoning?

Answer 16

Increased ACh to the heart - eventually stopping it.

Bronchoconstriction

Over stimulation of the MSK

Increased GI mobility - pain.

Question 17

Name a anti-cholinesterase

Answer 17

Pyridostigamine

Question 18

What factors does Warfarin inhibit the production of?

Answer 18

2, 7, 9 &10

Question 19

What clotting time will be most affected by warfarin?

Answer 19

Pro-thrombin time. Measuring extrinsic pathway.

- clotting factors. 2, 7 , 9 & 10 heavily influence Pro-thrombin

Question 20

How does warfarin work?

Answer 20

Blocks [Vitamin K reductase]

this inhibits the formation of the Gamma - carboxylation of glutamic acid residues
- needed for the factors to bind to Ca2+

Question 21

Name three Alpha 1 antagonists

Answer 21

Doxazosin

Prazosin

Tamsulosin

Question 22

What can low molecular weight heparin bind with?

Answer 22

Anti-thrombin III

Factor X

Question 23

What can high Molecular weight heparin bind with?

Answer 23

Antithrombin III

Factor X

Thrombin (factor II)

Question 24

What is a potentially serious adverse affect of heparin?

Answer 24

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Haemorrhaging

Question 25

What drug would be given to stop haemorrhage?

Answer 25

Tranexamic Acid

Question 26

What receptors does propronalol work on?

Answer 26

B1 and B2

Question 27

What drug works by allosteric antagonism of the L-type Ca2+ receptor?

Answer 27

Nifedipine

Question 28

What does digoxin do?

Answer 28

Decreases heart rate, increases contraction

Question 29

What drugs are being brought in to replace warfarin?

Answer 29

Dabigatran exilate - pro-thrombin inhibitor

Rivaroxaban - Factor X inhibitor

Question 30

What drunk is used as a prophylactic anti-coagulant for surgery? and what is a disadvantage?

Answer 30

Abciximab

it can be used once as it is anti-genic

Question 31

What drug class can cause Gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 31

Ca2+ channel blockers

Question 32

What is the drug given for renal dialysis when heperan in contraindicated?

Answer 32

Epoprostenol