Cardiac Drugs Flashcards
Name the drug of choice for fibrinolytic activity.
Ateplase
What is Aspirin? Mechanism?
Anti-platelet
irreversible Acetlylating serine residue on COX -1
What is Dipyridamole?
Mechanism?
Anti-platelet
Inhibits Phosphodiesterase - ^cAMP = ^ NO & Prostacyclin
What is Clopidogrel? Mechanism?
Anti- platelet
Blocks ADP receptors which Inhibits Glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa receptor - inhibiting platelet aggregation
What is Abciximab? Function?
Anti-platelet
Blocks Glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa
What drug is given to neutralise Heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
What is the drug that delays the Funny Na2+ channels in the SA node, lowering HR?
Ivabradine
Mechanism of NO in vasodilation?
Activation of Soluble Guanylyl cyclase.
increasing cGMP which activates:
myosin light chain phosphotase - inhibiting Ca2+ into cell.
What are the two slower onset NO dilators?
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isosobride mononitritrate
Name the Ca2+ channel blocker of choice for smooth muscle dilation.
Nifedipine
Name the Ca2+ channel blocker of choice for relaxation of cardiac muscle.
Verapamil
what is an intermediate Ca2+ channel blocker?
Diltiazem
What channels do Ca2+ channel blockers block?
L-Type caclium channels
Give two exmaples of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Losartan
Candesartan
What drug would be given that would reverse the effects of a anti-cholinesterase?
Atropine
What would be the outcome of anti-cholinesterase overdose/ poisoning?
Increased ACh to the heart - eventually stopping it.
Bronchoconstriction
Over stimulation of the MSK
Increased GI mobility - pain.
Name a anti-cholinesterase
Pyridostigamine
What factors does Warfarin inhibit the production of?
2, 7, 9 &10
What clotting time will be most affected by warfarin?
Pro-thrombin time. Measuring extrinsic pathway.
- clotting factors. 2, 7 , 9 & 10 heavily influence Pro-thrombin
How does warfarin work?
Blocks [Vitamin K reductase]
this inhibits the formation of the Gamma - carboxylation of glutamic acid residues
- needed for the factors to bind to Ca2+
Name three Alpha 1 antagonists
Doxazosin
Prazosin
Tamsulosin
What can low molecular weight heparin bind with?
Anti-thrombin III
Factor X
What can high Molecular weight heparin bind with?
Antithrombin III
Factor X
Thrombin (factor II)
What is a potentially serious adverse affect of heparin?
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Haemorrhaging
What drug would be given to stop haemorrhage?
Tranexamic Acid
What receptors does propronalol work on?
B1 and B2
What drug works by allosteric antagonism of the L-type Ca2+ receptor?
Nifedipine
What does digoxin do?
Decreases heart rate, increases contraction
What drugs are being brought in to replace warfarin?
Dabigatran exilate - pro-thrombin inhibitor
Rivaroxaban - Factor X inhibitor
What drunk is used as a prophylactic anti-coagulant for surgery? and what is a disadvantage?
Abciximab
it can be used once as it is anti-genic
What drug class can cause Gingival hyperplasia?
Ca2+ channel blockers
What is the drug given for renal dialysis when heperan in contraindicated?
Epoprostenol
