Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine > G.I > Flashcards

G.I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract walls?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mucosa made up of?

A

Epithelial Cell
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Governing Neurological system controls the GI?

A

Enteric Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Enteric Nervous System divided into?

A

Myenteric System

Submucosal Plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the Myenteric System predominately control?

A

GI motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the Submucosal predominately control?

A

Sensory information of the lumen

Control of blood flow to the GI

Secretions of the epithelial cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the average amount of saliva produced daily?

A

1000mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the average amount of Gastric Secretion daily?

A

1500mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the average amount of Small Intestinal secretion daily?

A

2000mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of Saliva?

A

Anti-bacteria properties - antibodies, lysosomes

Beginning of Carbohydrate Digestion

Starts a limited role in fat digestion

Allows for taste to work

Without it, thirst results

Keeps mouth moistened, helping for speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is released in the Mouth that aid towards carbohydrate to break down? and what bonds does it break down?

A

Salivary Amylase

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of Gastric Acid?

A

Breakdown of connective tissue

Denaturing of proteins

Activates Pepsin

Protection

Solublises calcium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What zymogens are secreted by the pancreas?

A

Trypsin

Chymotrypsin

Carboxypepidase

Elastase

Phospholipases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What enzymes are released from the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic Lipases

Lipase

Ribonuclease

Deoxyribonuclease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does panceatic lipase break?

A

Breaks positions 1 & 3 fatty acids on glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What stimulates the release of Alkaline from the pancreas?

A

CCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the product of emulsification by the bile salts?

A

Micelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the cells on the small intestine called that carry out the absorption?

A

Entrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What enzymes are found on the brush border of the entrocytes?

A

Peptidases

Maltase

Lactase

Sucrase

20
Q

What is Maltose made up of?

A

2 x Glucose

21
Q

What is Lactose made up of?

A

Galactose and Glucose

22
Q

What is sucrose made up of?

A

Fructose and Glucose

23
Q

What are the broad processes of absorption?

A

Active
Facilitated
Passive

24
Q

What lipoprotein is produced in the entrocyte and passed into the lymph system?

A

Chylomicrons

25
Q

What happens to the non absorbed carbohydrate in the large intestines?

A

Fermentation by gut flora which releases fatty acids.

26
Q

What branch of the aorta supplies the stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, gall bladder and 1st 1/2 of duedonum

A

Cilieac branch

27
Q

What does the super mesenteric artery supply?

A

2nd 1/2 of duedomum all the way to 1/2 transverse colon.

28
Q

what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

2nd 1/2 transverse colon, down to anus

29
Q

What are the folds in the stomach called?

A

Rugae

30
Q

What are the endocrine secretions of the pancreas?

A

Insulin, Glucagon and Somatostatin

31
Q

What makes the colon distinctive?

A

Taenia Coli - incompletely muscle

Haustra - Ring like circular muscles

32
Q

What prevents Gastro reflux?

A

Lower Esophageal sphincter

33
Q

What do the endocrine cells of the stomach produce and what is its function?

A

Gastrin.

Stimulates the release of:

  1. pepsinogen
  2. HCl

Activates gut motility

34
Q

Where do pancreatic secretions enter the duodenum?

what sphincter controls this?

A

Duodenal Papilla through which the Ampulla of Vader secretes through

Sphincter of oddi

35
Q

What epithelial tissue is present in the Small intestines?

A

Simple Columnar

36
Q

What artery supplies the Gall bladder?

A

Cystic artery

37
Q

What are the transporters of amino acids into the entrocytes called, and what drives there movement?

A

PepT1

Driven by swapping for H+ ions

38
Q

What lipases are released to break triglycerides during fat metabolism, and where are they released?

A

Lingual Lipase - salivary glands

Gastric Lipase - stomach

Pancreas lipase - duodenum

39
Q

Where are Brunner’s Glands found and what is their function?

A

Duedonum

Secrete alkaline solution to neutralise acid from the stomach

40
Q

What bacteria is most likely to cause gastic ulceration?

A

Helicobacter pylori

41
Q

What are Paneth cells?

A

The a granular cells in the small intestine that release enzymes

42
Q

What is the main function of the duedonum?

A

Digestion

43
Q

What is the main function of the Ilium?

A

Absorption

44
Q

What are the enzymes on the brush border called that break down carbohydrates?

A

Lactase

Maltase

Isomaltase/ Sucrase

45
Q

What enzyme in the duodeneum activates the trypsinogen to trypsin?

A

Enteropeptidase

46
Q

What are the stages of digestion

A

Cephalic Phase

  • Perpetration for food. Intiated by ACh release by the sight and smell of food.
  • Vagus controls

Gastric phase

  • longest phase
  • gastrin ACh activate release of stomach enzymes

Intestinal Phase

  • presence of chyme in the duodenum
  • CCK production. Which also inhibits Gastric secretion
47
Q

What protective measures are in place to prevent damage to the stomach from the acid and pepsin?

A

Mucus secretion from the neck cells
- prostaglandins stimulate production

Release of Bicarbonate near the surface of the mucus

  • neutralises acid
  • reduces the effectiveness of pepsin

Tight junctions around the gastric cells.
- restrict any movement

Medicine (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions