Cancer Pathologies Flashcards
What caners is associated with Miss match repair defaults?
Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer
What conditions are associated with Base excision repair defaults?
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Cockayne Syndrome
If a person is unable to carry out effect or any double strand repair, what cancers are they more susceptible to?
Nijmegen break syndrome
Breast cancers
What is Xerderma pigmentosum?
autosomal recessive disorder that impairs the ability to carry out base excision repair.
- as a result they are unable to fix damage by UV light.
What are the stages of cellular changes that lead to cancer?
Normal > dysplastic > benign > pre-malignant > malignant
What are the five key things needed for a cell to be cancerous?
Unconstrained cell proliferation
Avoidance of apoptosis
Immortalisation - telomerase
Angiogensis and invasion
- VEGF in response to hypoxia
- MMP, loss of cellular adhesion
Metastasis
What are the three main ways in which a tumour can spread?
Lymphatics
Haematological
Transcoelmic
In a point mutation what intracellular signallers are commonly defected?
Signal transducer: Ras Protein
How many copies of tumour suppressors genes have to be defected to develop neoplasms?
Both copies must be defected
*think Knudson hypothesis
What shape is p53?
Tertrameric
What molecule usually detects base excision damage?
Glycosylase
Define Dysplastic growth
Abnormal growth and differentiation of a tissue - usually associated epithelial
Define Anaplasia
The lack of differentiated features. usually associated with malignant cells.
Define Metaplasia
Reversible change in the character of one differentiated tissue to another
