Smoking Flashcards
What are some of the large influences for smoking?
Age
Occupation
Mental health status
Gender
What percentage of smokers began smoking before their 20th birthday?
80%
What legislation has been put in place in UK and Scotland to discourage smoking?
Banning of advertisement 2001
2013 banning of display in large retailers.
2015 banning in smaller retailers
2015 - standardisation of packaging of tobacco products regulation.
- they must all appear the same.
What substance in cigarettes has been shown to increase cardiovascular disease?
Carbon Monoxide
What receptor does nicotine bind to in the brain and why does it bind to it?
Alpha - 4 - Beta - 2 Nicotine Acetylcholine receptors
it binds because it mimics the shape of ACh causing an up-regulation of the receptor
What effect does the stimulation of Alpha - 4 Beta - 2 Nicotine ACh receptors have in the brain?
Activates the release of dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens
- this a rewarding feedback mechanism.
What physiological affects does nicotine have?
Activation of reward pathways in the brain
Adrenaline release from the adrenal glands
- increased BP
- Increased blood glucose levels.
What are the psychological effects of smoking?
Habit
- takes up a lot of that is well practice. usually associated with social or other activities such as coffee drinking.
Emotional copping mechanism
What are the common withdrawal symptoms of giving up smoking?
irritability tiredness anxiety Low mood restless headache poor concentration hunger
What are the side effects of 2nd hand smoke to others?
SIDS Asthma Pneumonia CVD COPD
What are the model of change seen with smoking?
Pre- contemplation
contemplation
preparation behaviour
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
What is a nicotine replacement drug?
Varenicline
What is a drug that reduces nicotine withdrawal?
Bupropion
