Cardio-respiratory anatomy Flashcards
How far does the diaphragm move during forced breathing?
6-10 cm
What level does the diaphragm attach?
L1 - L3
L3 - right
L1 - left
What is the sensory nerves for the diaphragm?
Lower intercostal nerves (T6 - 11)
Subcostal (T12)
What effect on breathing would spinal cord damaged from C7 downwards have?
[Paradoxical breathing]
ribs move inwards during respiration - no muscle tone to resist the negative interthroacic pressures.
What is Chyothorax?
Lipid rich lymph fluid in the pleural cavity
What is empyema?
Pus in the pleural cavity
What affect would obstruction of a bronchus have on the lung?
Atelectasis
What internal structure deos the muscles of the ventricles have?
Trabeculae carnae
What does the posterior mediastinum contain?
Oesophagus
descending thoracic aorta
azygos vein
thoracic duct
What is the node on the supraclavicular area called?
Virchow’s node
If there is swelling of Virchows node, what is this referred to as?
Trosier’s sign
Where do the sympathetic fibres for the heart originate from?
T1 - T4
What is it called when the stomach protrudes into the thoracic space?
Hiatus Hernia
What type of epithelium does the large bronchioles have?
Simple ciliated COLUMNAR epithelium
As the bronchioles decrease in size, what type of epithelium arises?
and what is there an increase of?
Simple cubodial with some ciliated cells.
Increase in Club cells
What percentage do Type I pneumocytes make up and what space do they occupy?
Make up 40% of the cells.
Take up 95% of the space
What makes up the Epicardium?
Adipose tissue
- which vessels are in
Mesothelial cells
- make up visceral layer of the serous pericardium
I general what is different about veins compared to arteries?
Thinner tunica Media than the tunica adventitia
What makes up the tunica adventita?
The outer most part of a vessel. Made up of connective tissue and vaso vasorum
The aorta pierces the diaphragm at T12. Whatelse pierces through with it?
Thoracic duct
Azygos vein
What level does the vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm?
T10. with the oesphagus
Between what muscles does the intercostal neurovascular bundle lie?
inbetween the internal and innermost costal muscles.
inferior to the rib, in the rib groove.
What is the top of the manubrium called?
Suprasternal notch
What nerve loop under the aortic arch and supplies the left aspect of the larnyx
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the muscle pattern seen in the atrium’s called?
Musculae pectinati
