Blood Physiology Flashcards
On average how much blood does an adult have?
5.5 - 7L / 8-12 pints
What percentage of the blood is Plasma?
55%
What is the buffy coat? and percentage?
Leukocytes and Platelets - 1%
What is the Plasma composition?
90% water. 8% Proteins. 2% Hormones/ Cholesterol
What is serum?
Plasma without clotting factors
What proteins make up the blood?
Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen, Immunoglobulins
What is the life span of a typical Erythrocyte?
120days
What structure are Haemoglobin’s and what are they made up of?
Tertamertic structure, made up of 4 Heme cores, each surrounded by Porphyrin with globulin chains attached.
What type of Haemoglobin do adults have? What is the globulin chains?
Haemoglobin A.
Alpha globulin & Beta Globulin
What are the main functions of Platelets?
Adhesion, Aggregation - clot forming
& activation of coagulation
What triggers the intrinsic clotting cascade? What factor is initiated first?
Contact with a negatively charged, non endothelial surface such as collagen or air.
Factor XII
Extrinsic Pathway, what triggers it and what factor is initiated first?
Tissue Factor (III) is activated by tissue damage. This triggers VII.
What substance do damaged endothelial cells express that attracts and adheres to platelets?
Von Willie Brand Factor
In the transport of blood, what is added to stop it coagulating?
Citrate ions - which chelate the caclium ions.
What is the name given to the production of blood cells?
Haematopoiesis
What type of stem cell is the Hematopoietic stem cell?
Multipotetent
Give to exmaples of a multi-potent stem cell in haematopoiesis.
Myleoid cells.
Lymphoid
List the developmental stages of RBCs
Pro-erythroblast > Basophilic Erythroblast > Polychromatic Erythroblast > Orthrochromatic Erythroblast > Reticulocyte > Erythrocyte
What percentage to Reticulocytes make up in the blood?
1-2%
What cells are responsible for platelet production?
Megakaryocytes
What is a simulator for platelet production?
Thrombopoetin
What test can be done to evaluate the Intrinsic clotting times? and what is an average time?
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - 30-40secs
What test can be done to evaluate the extrinsic clotting times and what is a normal time?
Prothrombin time - 10-14secs
Where thrombopoietin produced?
Proximal convoluted cells of the kidney
What is the substance that platelets bind to the von williebrand factor via?
Glycoprotein IB
