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Medicine > Blood Physiology > Flashcards

Blood Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

On average how much blood does an adult have?

A

5.5 - 7L / 8-12 pints

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2
Q

What percentage of the blood is Plasma?

A

55%

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3
Q

What is the buffy coat? and percentage?

A

Leukocytes and Platelets - 1%

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4
Q

What is the Plasma composition?

A

90% water. 8% Proteins. 2% Hormones/ Cholesterol

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5
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma without clotting factors

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6
Q

What proteins make up the blood?

A

Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen, Immunoglobulins

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7
Q

What is the life span of a typical Erythrocyte?

A

120days

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8
Q

What structure are Haemoglobin’s and what are they made up of?

A

Tertamertic structure, made up of 4 Heme cores, each surrounded by Porphyrin with globulin chains attached.

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9
Q

What type of Haemoglobin do adults have? What is the globulin chains?

A

Haemoglobin A.

Alpha globulin & Beta Globulin

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10
Q

What are the main functions of Platelets?

A

Adhesion, Aggregation - clot forming

& activation of coagulation

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11
Q

What triggers the intrinsic clotting cascade? What factor is initiated first?

A

Contact with a negatively charged, non endothelial surface such as collagen or air.

Factor XII

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12
Q

Extrinsic Pathway, what triggers it and what factor is initiated first?

A

Tissue Factor (III) is activated by tissue damage. This triggers VII.

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13
Q

What substance do damaged endothelial cells express that attracts and adheres to platelets?

A

Von Willie Brand Factor

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14
Q

In the transport of blood, what is added to stop it coagulating?

A

Citrate ions - which chelate the caclium ions.

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15
Q

What is the name given to the production of blood cells?

A

Haematopoiesis

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16
Q

What type of stem cell is the Hematopoietic stem cell?

A

Multipotetent

17
Q

Give to exmaples of a multi-potent stem cell in haematopoiesis.

A

Myleoid cells.

Lymphoid

18
Q

List the developmental stages of RBCs

A 
Pro-erythroblast > 
Basophilic Erythroblast >
 Polychromatic Erythroblast > 
Orthrochromatic Erythroblast > 
Reticulocyte > 
Erythrocyte
19
Q

What percentage to Reticulocytes make up in the blood?

A

1-2%

20
Q

What cells are responsible for platelet production?

A

Megakaryocytes

21
Q

What is a simulator for platelet production?

A

Thrombopoetin

22
Q

What test can be done to evaluate the Intrinsic clotting times? and what is an average time?

A

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - 30-40secs

23
Q

What test can be done to evaluate the extrinsic clotting times and what is a normal time?

A

Prothrombin time - 10-14secs

24
Q

Where thrombopoietin produced?

A

Proximal convoluted cells of the kidney

25
Q

What is the substance that platelets bind to the von williebrand factor via?

A

Glycoprotein IB

Medicine (33 decks)

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