Respiratory

Question 1

What are the fibres responsible for the afferent stimulation of the cough reflex?

Answer 1

Rapidly Adapting Pulmonary Stretch Receptors

Question 2

What are the major functions of the upper respiratory airways?

Answer 2

Warm the air to body temperature

Humidify

Filter unwanted foreign material

Question 3

What are the major circulations to the lung?

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation - deoxygenated blood

Bronchial circulation - blood supply to lung tissue

Lymphatic drainage

Question 4

What total percentage of blood is in the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

What are the gas concentrations of oxygen and CO2 in the pulmonary circulation?

What is the level leaving the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 5

Oxygen: alveoli - 100mmHg. venous - 40mmHg (incoming blood)

Leaving the pulmonary to the heart the O2 is 40mmHg

Question 6

What is the name of the muscle that separates the C - ringed cartilage on the esophagus side?

Answer 6

Trachealis muscle

Question 7

What is the Hilum of the lungs?

Answer 7

Thea area where the blood vessels and lymphatics bronchus enter

Question 8

What are the respiratory centres in Pons, and what are their functions?

Answer 8

Apneustic centre : creates stimulation signals to the dorsal and ventral respiratory in the medulla.

Pneumotaxic Centre: interrupt the apneustic signals to create rhythm

Question 9

What is the main driver for respiration?

Answer 9

CO2 build up

Question 10

Name two groups of muscles used in forced expiration

Answer 10

Abdominal muscles

Internal intercostal muscles

Question 11

What is the layers in the alveolar cells that allow for easy gas exchange?

Answer 11

Type I pneumocyte

Shared basal laminae

Capillary Endothelial cell