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MSK > Soft tissue and knee injuries > Flashcards

Soft tissue and knee injuries Flashcards

1
Q

examples of soft tissue knee problems

A

meniscal tears
ligament tears; acc,mcl,lcl
multiligament injuries and knee dislocation
osteochondral defects
patellofemoral disorders
bone bruising
loose bodies

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2
Q

where does your mensicus lie

A

between tibia and femur

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3
Q

role of meniscus

A

a cushion to keep the bones of the knee joint from grinding against one other and causing damage

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4
Q

which meniscus is more mobile

A

lateral meniscus

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5
Q

investigation if meniscal tear suspected

A

MRI

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6
Q

main causes of meniscal tear

A

sporting injury or getting up from squatting position

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7
Q

which types of meniscal tears wont heal

A

radial tears

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8
Q

which part of meniscus has blood supply

A

peripheral 1/3rd

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9
Q

what does an acute locked knee signify

A

displaed bucket handle meniscal tear
urgent surgery required

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10
Q

what surgery is required if mensical tear unrepairable

A

partial meniscectomy
removes part of dodgy meniscus

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11
Q

can meniscal tears be spontaneous

A

yes due to old age the meniscus weakens

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12
Q

which stress does MCL resist

A

valgus

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13
Q

which stress does LCL resist

A

varus

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14
Q

valgus stress

A

inwards knee

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15
Q

varus stress

A

outwards knee

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16
Q

gradings of knee ligament injuries

A

Grade 1 – sprain – tear some fibres but macroscopic structure intact
Grade 2 – partial tear - some fascicles disrupted
Grade 3 – complete tear

17
Q

rupture to where might cause instability descending stairs

A

PCL

18
Q

MCL injury overview

A

usually heals well even if complete tear
Pain can take a few to several months to settle
- Great blood supply
- Get knee moving early, lot of physio

- Surgery If on going instability   very good at healing itself, often don’t need to perform surgery
19
Q

ACL rupture overview

A
  • More common in females
    • Sports injury, sharp turn, landing ; netball, skiing from rotating
    • When ruptures gives an audible pop
    • When ruptures bleeding into knee occurs
      Risk of arthritis, surgery doesn’t protect against
20
Q

which test for ACL tear

A

anterior drawer test

21
Q

LCL injury overview

A

require surgery
- Doesn’t heal and causes varus and rotatory instability
often occurs in combo with all/pcl injury

22
Q

PCL rupture overview

A

direct blow to anterior tibia
popliteal knee pain and bruising

23
Q

is a knee dislocation an emergency

A

yes it requires prompt reduction
high risk of vascular injury, nerve injury and comprtment synrome
gets put in external fixator

24
Q

patellar dislocation overview

A
  • Rapid turn
    • Increased in females due to angle of muscles, more ligamentous laxitae
      First line treatment; physiotherapy
25
Q

what is patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

adult growing pains may be due to muscle imbalance, flat feet

26
Q

extensor mechanism rupture overview

A
  • Surgical emergency
    • Straight leg raise for examination
    • If miss and present after 4 weeks not good
      RF; steroids as weakens tendons , previous tendonitis, ciprofloxacin as can cause tendinopathies
      US/MRI if in doubt
27
Q

what causes high patella on xray

A

patellar tendon rupture

28
Q

what causes a low patella on xray

A

quads tendon rupture

29
Q

what is osteochondritis dissecans

A

when a piece of bone and the attached cartilage break down and become loose
can heal or resolve spontaneously

30
Q

what is bone bruising

A

when something damages the bone and causes bleeding in or around it
will settle over time

31
Q

bone marrow oedema

A

when fluid builds up inside your bone marrow

32
Q

what is a loose body

A

a fragment of cartilage or bone detaches causing a loose body in the joint
can grow over time getting nutritiion from synovial fluid and may cause painful locking/ catching

33
Q

what is commonly misdiagnosed as a loose body

A

a fabella
acessory ossicle

34
Q

Getting up from squatting, sudden sharp pain medial joint line, effusion, recurrent medial pain & catching +/- locking

A

meniscal tear

35
Q

Football injury, twist, pop, haemarthrosis, generalised pain, pain settles after a few days, rotatory instability

A

ACL rupture

36
Q
A

MSK (44 decks)

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