Soft tissue and knee injuries Flashcards

1
Q

examples of soft tissue knee problems

A

meniscal tears
ligament tears; acc,mcl,lcl
multiligament injuries and knee dislocation
osteochondral defects
patellofemoral disorders
bone bruising
loose bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does your mensicus lie

A

between tibia and femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

role of meniscus

A

a cushion to keep the bones of the knee joint from grinding against one other and causing damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which meniscus is more mobile

A

lateral meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

investigation if meniscal tear suspected

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

main causes of meniscal tear

A

sporting injury or getting up from squatting position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which types of meniscal tears wont heal

A

radial tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which part of meniscus has blood supply

A

peripheral 1/3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does an acute locked knee signify

A

displaed bucket handle meniscal tear
urgent surgery required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what surgery is required if mensical tear unrepairable

A

partial meniscectomy
removes part of dodgy meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

can meniscal tears be spontaneous

A

yes due to old age the meniscus weakens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which stress does MCL resist

A

valgus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which stress does LCL resist

A

varus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

valgus stress

A

inwards knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

varus stress

A

outwards knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gradings of knee ligament injuries

A

Grade 1 – sprain – tear some fibres but macroscopic structure intact
Grade 2 – partial tear - some fascicles disrupted
Grade 3 – complete tear

17
Q

rupture to where might cause instability descending stairs

18
Q

MCL injury overview

A

usually heals well even if complete tear
Pain can take a few to several months to settle
- Great blood supply
- Get knee moving early, lot of physio

- Surgery If on going instability   very good at healing itself, often don’t need to perform surgery
19
Q

ACL rupture overview

A
  • More common in females
    • Sports injury, sharp turn, landing ; netball, skiing from rotating
    • When ruptures gives an audible pop
    • When ruptures bleeding into knee occurs
      Risk of arthritis, surgery doesn’t protect against
20
Q

which test for ACL tear

A

anterior drawer test

21
Q

LCL injury overview

A

require surgery
- Doesn’t heal and causes varus and rotatory instability
often occurs in combo with all/pcl injury

22
Q

PCL rupture overview

A

direct blow to anterior tibia
popliteal knee pain and bruising

23
Q

is a knee dislocation an emergency

A

yes it requires prompt reduction
high risk of vascular injury, nerve injury and comprtment synrome
gets put in external fixator

24
Q

patellar dislocation overview

A
  • Rapid turn
    • Increased in females due to angle of muscles, more ligamentous laxitae
      First line treatment; physiotherapy
25
what is patellofemoral pain syndrome
adult growing pains may be due to muscle imbalance, flat feet
26
extensor mechanism rupture overview
- Surgical emergency - Straight leg raise for examination - If miss and present after 4 weeks not good RF; steroids as weakens tendons , previous tendonitis, ciprofloxacin as can cause tendinopathies US/MRI if in doubt
27
what causes high patella on xray
patellar tendon rupture
28
what causes a low patella on xray
quads tendon rupture
29
what is osteochondritis dissecans
when a piece of bone and the attached cartilage break down and become loose can heal or resolve spontaneously
30
what is bone bruising
when something damages the bone and causes bleeding in or around it will settle over time
31
bone marrow oedema
when fluid builds up inside your bone marrow
32
what is a loose body
a fragment of cartilage or bone detaches causing a loose body in the joint can grow over time getting nutritiion from synovial fluid and may cause painful locking/ catching
33
what is commonly misdiagnosed as a loose body
a fabella acessory ossicle
34
Getting up from squatting, sudden sharp pain medial joint line, effusion, recurrent medial pain & catching +/- locking
meniscal tear
35
Football injury, twist, pop, haemarthrosis, generalised pain, pain settles after a few days, rotatory instability
ACL rupture
36