CORTEXT

Question 1

What is the most abundant component of cartilage extracellular matrix

Answer 1

water

Question 2

malignant swelling

Answer 2

Systemic upset with weight loss and fatigue

Larger lesions (>5cm)

An irregular surface

Question 3

A mostly lucent lesion, with a patchy sclerosis, found within the metaphyseal region of long bones.

Answer 3

endochondroma

Question 4

A lucent, multi-loculated cyst found within the medulla of many different bones, often with associated cortical expansion

Answer 4

anuerysmal bone cyts

Question 5

A bony spur, originating the in metaphyseal regions of long bones, growing away from the epiphysis.

Answer 5

osteochondroma

Question 6

a number of ? will congregate and begin to ‘drill’ into the bone,

Answer 6

osteoclasts

Question 7

which cells lay down new bon e

Answer 7

osteoblasts

Question 8

do myofibrils run across the fibre

Answer 8

no
they lie lognitutidinally

Question 9

what is avascular necrosis a secondary cause of

Answer 9

osteoarthritis

Question 10

primary malignant tumours which commonly metastasise to bone

Answer 10

Breast carcinoma
Prostate carcinoma
Lung carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Thyroid adenocarcinoma

Question 11

osteoclasts

Answer 11

bone resorption

Question 12

osteoblasts

Answer 12

bone forming cells

Question 13

Osteoprogenitor cells:

Answer 13

located on bone surfaces, for example under the periosteum, these cells serve as a pool of reserve osteoblasts

Question 14

osteochondroma

Answer 14

dont usualy cause problems but can cause pain
commonest benign bone tumour

Question 15

what are muscle fibres grouped into

Answer 15

fasiscles

Question 16

connective tissue ofmuscle

Answer 16

surrounds the muscle as a whole is called the epimysium

the connective tissue around a single fascicle is the perimysium

connetive tissue around a single muscle fibre is the endomysium

Question 17

in sle when disease is active do complement levels rise

Answer 17

no
levels are low when sle is active

Question 18

first test to do in suspected sle

Answer 18

urinalysis
to screen for renal diseade

Question 19

A thrombotic event in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome is an indication for life-long anti-coagulation
true or false

Answer 19

true

Question 20

spondyloarthropathies

Answer 20

Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and reactive arthritis

Question 21

subchodnral scleoris s

Answer 21

thickening of bone seen in oA

Question 22

is RA hypo or hyper trophic

Answer 22

hypotrophic whereas OA is hyper

Question 23

joint aspirate in reactive arthritis

Answer 23

The joint aspirate in reactive arthritis is usually sterile- if it was positive for organisms on gram stain or culture then it is a septic arthritis

Question 24

extraarticular manifestations in spondyloarthropathies

Answer 24

Achilles tendonitis, aortic valve incompetence, uveitis and dactylitis

Question 25

dose of prednisolone in PMR

Answer 25

15mg strarting dose unles GCA then 40mg

Question 26

do steroids cause muscle hypertrophy or wasting

Answer 26

wasting

Question 27

osteootmoy

Answer 27

surgical realignment of a bone

Question 28

tendon which is commonly surgically repaired

Answer 28

patellar tendon

Question 29

bone laid down across area of stress

Answer 29

wolfs law

Question 30

what fractues cause impairment of grip

Answer 30

distal radial fractures

Question 31

posiitve grind test

Answer 31

hallux rigidus

Question 32

should a steroid injection be injected around the achilles

Answer 32

should not be administered around the Achilles tendon due to risk of rupture.

Question 33

extensor mechanism of the knee structures proximal to distal

Answer 33

quad muscle
quad tendon
patella
patellar tendon
tibial tuberosity

Question 34

knee locking

Answer 34

specific term for bucket handle tear

Question 35

principle clincial sign of adhesive capsulitis

Answer 35

loss of external rotation

Question 36

muscles of rotator cuff

Answer 36

subscapularis
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres mino

Question 37

collagen in dupuytrens contracture

Answer 37

collagen type 3

Question 38

nerve most at risk in displaced colles fracture

Answer 38

median

Question 39

where is the blood supply to head of femur from

Answer 39

obturator artery

Question 40

where is the blood supply to neck of femur from

Answer 40

circumflex