joint physiology

Question 1

types of joints

Answer 1

synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous

Question 2

examples of fibrous joints

Answer 2

bones of the skull

Question 3

do fibrous joints allow movement

Answer 3

no

Question 4

what are fibrous joint bones united by

Answer 4

fibrous tissue

Question 5

can cartilaginous joints move

Answer 5

limited mvoement

Question 6

examples of cartilaginous joints

Answer 6

intervertebral discs
pubic symphasis
costochondral joints

Question 7

what are the bones of synovial joints seperated by and united by

Answer 7

synovial fluid
fibrous capsule

Question 8

what is the inner aspect of the fubrous capsule lined by

Answer 8

synovial membrane

Question 9

what does the synovial membrane contain

Answer 9

synovial cells - fibroblasts which produce synovial fluid

Question 10

what do joints help with during movement

Answer 10

stress distribution
confer stability

Question 11

how are joints lubricated

Answer 11

by cartikage interstitial fluid
synovium

Question 12

function of synovial fluid

Answer 12

lubricates joint
facilitates joint movement - reduces friction
helps minimise wear and tear
aids in nutrition of articular cartilage
supplies chondrocytes - cartilage cells with 02 and nutrients and removes co2 and waste

Question 13

chondrocytes

Answer 13

cartilage cells

Question 14

characterisitcs of synovial fluid

Answer 14

continously replenished by synovial membrane
viscosity varies with joint movement
usually contains few cells
high viscosity
fills joint cavity
clear and colourless

Question 15

rapid movement association

Answer 15

decreased viscositu and increased elasticity

Question 16

when does synovial fluid WBC increase

Answer 16

inflammatory septic arthritis

Question 17

what covers the articular surfaces of the bones

Answer 17

aricular cartilage

Question 18

articular cartilage characterisitcs

Answer 18

usually hyaline
elastic
sponge like property
has a special ECM- water, collagen and proetoglycans

Question 19

what happens to cartilage with age

Answer 19

water content decreases

Question 20

what is the ECM of articular cartilage maintained by

Answer 20

chondrocytes

Question 21

joint disease and ECM

Answer 21

can occur if rate of ecm degradation exceeds rate of synthesis

Question 22

what may go wrong with a joint

Answer 22

Cartilage and synovial composition and function deteriorate with age and repeated wear and tear giving rise to osteoarthritis

Synovial cell proliferation and inflammation cause rheumatoid arthritis

Deposition of salt crystals e.g. uric acid can cause gouty arthritis

Injury and inflammation to periarticular structures causes soft tissue rheumatism e.g. injury to the tendon causes tendonitis