joint physiology Flashcards
types of joints
synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous
examples of fibrous joints
bones of the skull
do fibrous joints allow movement
no
what are fibrous joint bones united by
fibrous tissue
can cartilaginous joints move
limited mvoement
examples of cartilaginous joints
intervertebral discs
pubic symphasis
costochondral joints
what are the bones of synovial joints seperated by and united by
synovial fluid
fibrous capsule
what is the inner aspect of the fubrous capsule lined by
synovial membrane
what does the synovial membrane contain
synovial cells - fibroblasts which produce synovial fluid
what do joints help with during movement
stress distribution
confer stability
how are joints lubricated
by cartikage interstitial fluid
synovium
function of synovial fluid
lubricates joint
facilitates joint movement - reduces friction
helps minimise wear and tear
aids in nutrition of articular cartilage
supplies chondrocytes - cartilage cells with 02 and nutrients and removes co2 and waste
chondrocytes
cartilage cells
characterisitcs of synovial fluid
continously replenished by synovial membrane
viscosity varies with joint movement
usually contains few cells
high viscosity
fills joint cavity
clear and colourless
rapid movement association
decreased viscositu and increased elasticity
when does synovial fluid WBC increase
inflammatory septic arthritis
what covers the articular surfaces of the bones
aricular cartilage
articular cartilage characterisitcs
usually hyaline
elastic
sponge like property
has a special ECM- water, collagen and proetoglycans
what happens to cartilage with age
water content decreases
what is the ECM of articular cartilage maintained by
chondrocytes
joint disease and ECM
can occur if rate of ecm degradation exceeds rate of synthesis
what may go wrong with a joint
Cartilage and synovial composition and function deteriorate with age and repeated wear and tear giving rise to osteoarthritis
Synovial cell proliferation and inflammation cause rheumatoid arthritis
Deposition of salt crystals e.g. uric acid can cause gouty arthritis
Injury and inflammation to periarticular structures causes soft tissue rheumatism e.g. injury to the tendon causes tendonitis
