MSK Tumours

Question 1

most common adult malignancy

Answer 1

carcinoma

Question 2

what are rhuematoid nodules

Answer 2

firm, non-tender lumps that commonly develop in people with rheumatoid arthritis
typically form subcutaneously

Question 3

what is myosisitis ossificans

Answer 3

Abnormal calcification of a muscle haematoma following trauma
leads to ossified bone where it does not normally occur

Question 4

symptoms of myositis ossificans

Answer 4

Pain and tenderness in the affected muscle or area.
Swelling and stiffness.
Decreased range of motion in the joint near the affected muscle.
In some cases, a palpable mass can develop as the condition progresses

Question 5

what is myosiitis ossificans usually due to

Answer 5

post sporting injury

Question 6

management of myositiis ossificans

Answer 6

rest, ice , NSAIDS

Question 7

invesitagtions for myositis ossificans

Answer 7

mri

Question 8

what is nodular fascitis

Answer 8

benign (non-cancerous) soft tissue tumor that arises from the fascia, which is the connective tissue surrounding muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

Question 9

nodular fascitis overview

Answer 9

any age group
smallish but rapid growth rate
chaotic appearance
reassurance as management

Question 10

what is ewings sarcoma

Answer 10

primary bone tumour of endothelila cells of the bone marrow

Question 11

who does ewings usually occur in

Answer 11

children

Question 12

which bones in ewings usually seen in

Answer 12

long bones

Question 13

management of ewings

Answer 13

removal of tumour and surrounding tissue, with joint reconstruction

Question 14

what is an osteosarcoma

Answer 14

bone cancer usually affecting long bones

Question 15

age goup osteosarcoma usually seen in

Answer 15

paediatrics and early adulthood

Question 16

is osteosarcoma known to be aggressive

Answer 16

yes it can metastisize easily

Question 17

name for benign skeletal tumour

Answer 17

rhabdomyoma

Question 18

endochonroma overview

Answer 18

in cartilage
in the digits usually never maligannt
tends to not affect peads

Question 19

leiomyoma overview

Answer 19

most common as smooth muscle is everywhere
often arse from large vessel walls

Question 20

pigmented villonodular synovitis

Answer 20

PVNS
type of benign tumour in synovial tissue
more destructive
difficult to excise and can often recur

Question 21

what is a rare benign tumour associated with pregnancy and gardner syndrome

Answer 21

deep fibromatosis

Question 22

characteristic xray finding of giant cell tumours

Answer 22

soap bubble appearance

Question 23

giant cell tumour overview

Answer 23

often grows near a joint at the end of bones
common around digits and smaller joints
presence of multinucleated giant cells

Question 24

what is a ganglion cysts

Answer 24

outpouchings of synovium lining joints consisting of synovial fluid

Question 25

how are ganglion cysts not true cysts

Answer 25

as they have no epithelial lining

Question 26

where are ganglion vysts common

Answer 26

the wrist

Question 27

are ganglion cysts hard or soft and mobile

Answer 27

soft and mobile

Question 28

what is dupuytrens

Answer 28

superficial fibromatosis which starts in the hand

Question 29

overview od dupuytrens

Answer 29

average age 60
mjore common in males
often diopathicn
genetic predisposition and environmental factors

Question 30

pathophysiology of dupuyrtrens

Answer 30

• Excessive myofibroblast proliferation and altered collagen matrix composition leads to thickened and contracted palpar fascia
• The thickening and contracture of the subdermal fascia leads to fixed flexion deformity of fingers (NOT associated with a tendon)
• Bands are primarily collagen type III

Question 31

surgery for dupuytrens

Answer 31

fasciotomy