osteoarthritis Flashcards
predominant problem
cartilage loss/ degeneration
most common joints affected
knees hands and hips
risk factors for OA
genetic factors
ageing
female sex
obesity
biomechanical factors; factors-joint injury, occupational/recreational usage/reduced muscle strength, joint laxity, joint malalignment/prior joint trauma.
define osteoarthritis
Chronic disease involving the imbalance between wear and repair of articular (hyaline) cartilage leading to progressive cartilage loss
what joints are affected
weight bearing/ active joints
how does secondary OA occur
when OA affects an unexpected site due to overuse, previous injury or previous arthritis
what causes subchondral cysts
synovial fluid leaking in to bone
conditions which can lead to OA
rheumatoid arthritis and gout
main pathological change
localised loss of hyaline cartilage and remodelling of adjacent bone with new bone formation (osteophyte) at joint margins
heberdens node
swelling at the distal interpharyngeal joints
clinical presentation
pain worse with joint use
morning stiffness
instability
poor grip in thumb if got OA in it
examination features
joint line tenderness
crepitus
joint effusion
bony swelling
deformity
limitation of motion
bouchards nodes
hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints
non pharmalogical treatment
physiotherapy
education
lifestyle - weight loss , excersize, walking aids
pharmacological management
NSAIDS
Local intra-articular steroid injections for flare-up
