Social Thinking

Question 1

What is interpersonal interaction and what are the three factors that influence this attraction?

Answer 1

It is what makes people like each other and is influences by at least 5 factors; physical attractiveness, similarity, self-disclosure, reciprocity and proximity

Question 2

What is aggression

Answer 2

Behavior that is intended to cause harm or increase social dominance; physical, verbal or nonverbal

Question 3

4 types of attachment

Answer 3

1. Secure: Upset at departure of caregiver, comforted by return; trusts care giver, who is viewed as a secure base
2. Avoidant: Shows no preference for a stranger or care giver; shows little distress at departure and little relief by return of care giver.; caregiver has little/no response to a distressed child
3. Ambivalent: caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress; Distressed by departure of caregiver with mixed reactions at return
4. Disorganized: No clear patter of behavior; sometimes exhibits repetitive behavior or seems dazed, frozen or confused

Question 4

anxious ambivalent attachment

Answer 4

child anxious about reliability of caregiver

Question 5

sensory bias

Answer 5

development of trait to match preexisting preference that exists in the population

Question 6

fisherian/runaway selection

Answer 6

positive feedback mechanism which a particular trait has no effect/negative effect on survival

Question 7

empathy altruism hypothesis

Answer 7

individual helps another person when they feel empathy for the other person regardless of the cost

Question 8

game theory

Answer 8

attempts to explain decision making behavior

Question 9

evolutionary stable strategy

Answer 9

• natural selection prevent alternative strategies from arising and inherited traits passed along the population
• objective = become more fit than competitiors

Question 10

4 alternatives hawk dove

Answer 10

• altruism = donor provides benefit to the recipient at a cost to himself
• cooperation = both donor + recipient benefit
• spite = both donor + recipient neg
• selfishness = donor benefits while recipient neg

Question 11

inclusive fitness

Answer 11

measure of organism’s success in population

based on number of offspring

Question 12

primacy effect

Answer 12

first impressions more important than subsequent impressions

Question 13

recency effect

Answer 13

most recent info that is most impt in impressions

Question 14

monogamy

Answer 14

only one mate

Question 15

Polygamy

Answer 15

one member of a sex have multiple exclusive relationships with members of opposite sex

Question 16

Polygyny

Answer 16

A male with multiple females

Question 17

polyandry

Answer 17

A female with multiple males

Question 18

implicit personality theory

Answer 18

categories we place others during impression formation

Question 19

reliance on central traits

Answer 19

indiv organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics of target most relevant to the perceiver

Question 20

halo effect

Answer 20

cognitive bias in which judgments about a specific aspect of a person can be affected by one’s overall impression of the person

Question 21

attribution theory

What are the two main type of attributions?

Answer 21

tendency for people to infer the causes of other people’s behavior

1. Dispositional (internal)
2. Situational

Question 22

self serving bias

Answer 22

indiv view own success based on internal factors while view failures based on external factors

Question 23

self enhancement

Answer 23

need to maintain self worth which is done through internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures

Question 24

dispositional attributions

Answer 24

attributions that related to behavior is being considered

Question 25

situational attributions

Answer 25

those that relate to surroundings

Question 26

consistency cues

Answer 26

consistent behavior of person over time

Question 27

consensus cues

Answer 27

extent which a person’s behavior differs from others

Question 28

distinctiveness cues

Answer 28

extent which a person engages in similar behavior across situations

Question 29

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 29

General bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions about the behavior of others, especially in negative situations

Question 30

Attribution substitution

Answer 30

Occurs when individuals must make judgements that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic

Question 31

Steretypes

Answer 31

Occur when attitudes and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or a group of individuals and are cognitive

Question 32

Prejudice

Answer 32

It is defined as an irrational negative, or occasionally positive, attitude toward a person, group, or thing, which is formed prior to an actual experience and is affective

Question 33

Discrimination

Answer 33

It is when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently than others and is behavioral

Question 34

List three types of social inequality that can influence prejudice

Answer 34

Power, prestige and class all influence prejudice through unequal distribution of wealth, influence an resources

Question 35

What is the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism?

Answer 35

Ethnocentrism refers to the practice of making judgments about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture.
Cultural relativism refers to the recognition that social groups and cultures must be studied on their own terms.

Question 36

Stereotype threat

Answer 36

It is concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group

Question 37

paternalistic stereotypes

Answer 37

Are those in which the group is looked down upon as inferior, dismissed or ignored
- Not Competitive, Low Status

Question 38

Contemptuous stereotypes

Answer 38

Are those in which the group is viewed with resentment, annoyance and anger
-Competitive, Low Status

Question 39

Envious stereotypes

Answer 39

Are those in which the group is viewed with jealousy, bitterness or distrust
-Competitive, High Status

Question 40

Admiration stereotypes

Answer 40

Are those in which the group is viewed with pride and other positive feelings
-Not Competitive, High Status