Social Thinking Flashcards
What is interpersonal interaction and what are the three factors that influence this attraction?
It is what makes people like each other and is influences by at least 5 factors; physical attractiveness, similarity, self-disclosure, reciprocity and proximity
What is aggression
Behavior that is intended to cause harm or increase social dominance; physical, verbal or nonverbal
4 types of attachment
- Secure: Upset at departure of caregiver, comforted by return; trusts care giver, who is viewed as a secure base
- Avoidant: Shows no preference for a stranger or care giver; shows little distress at departure and little relief by return of care giver.; caregiver has little/no response to a distressed child
- Ambivalent: caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress; Distressed by departure of caregiver with mixed reactions at return
- Disorganized: No clear patter of behavior; sometimes exhibits repetitive behavior or seems dazed, frozen or confused
anxious ambivalent attachment
child anxious about reliability of caregiver
sensory bias
development of trait to match preexisting preference that exists in the population
fisherian/runaway selection
positive feedback mechanism which a particular trait has no effect/negative effect on survival
empathy altruism hypothesis
individual helps another person when they feel empathy for the other person regardless of the cost
game theory
attempts to explain decision making behavior
evolutionary stable strategy
- natural selection prevent alternative strategies from arising and inherited traits passed along the population
- objective = become more fit than competitiors
4 alternatives hawk dove
- altruism = donor provides benefit to the recipient at a cost to himself
- cooperation = both donor + recipient benefit
- spite = both donor + recipient neg
- selfishness = donor benefits while recipient neg
inclusive fitness
measure of organism’s success in population
based on number of offspring
primacy effect
first impressions more important than subsequent impressions
recency effect
most recent info that is most impt in impressions
monogamy
only one mate
Polygamy
one member of a sex have multiple exclusive relationships with members of opposite sex
Polygyny
A male with multiple females
polyandry
A female with multiple males
implicit personality theory
categories we place others during impression formation
reliance on central traits
indiv organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics of target most relevant to the perceiver
halo effect
cognitive bias in which judgments about a specific aspect of a person can be affected by one’s overall impression of the person
attribution theory
What are the two main type of attributions?
tendency for people to infer the causes of other people’s behavior
- Dispositional (internal)
- Situational
self serving bias
indiv view own success based on internal factors while view failures based on external factors
self enhancement
need to maintain self worth which is done through internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures
dispositional attributions
attributions that related to behavior is being considered
situational attributions
those that relate to surroundings
consistency cues
consistent behavior of person over time
consensus cues
extent which a person’s behavior differs from others
distinctiveness cues
extent which a person engages in similar behavior across situations
Fundamental attribution error
General bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions about the behavior of others, especially in negative situations
Attribution substitution
Occurs when individuals must make judgements that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic
Steretypes
Occur when attitudes and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or a group of individuals and are cognitive
Prejudice
It is defined as an irrational negative, or occasionally positive, attitude toward a person, group, or thing, which is formed prior to an actual experience and is affective
Discrimination
It is when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently than others and is behavioral
List three types of social inequality that can influence prejudice
Power, prestige and class all influence prejudice through unequal distribution of wealth, influence an resources
What is the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism?
Ethnocentrism refers to the practice of making judgments about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture.
Cultural relativism refers to the recognition that social groups and cultures must be studied on their own terms.
Stereotype threat
It is concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group
paternalistic stereotypes
Are those in which the group is looked down upon as inferior, dismissed or ignored
- Not Competitive, Low Status
Contemptuous stereotypes
Are those in which the group is viewed with resentment, annoyance and anger
-Competitive, Low Status
Envious stereotypes
Are those in which the group is viewed with jealousy, bitterness or distrust
-Competitive, High Status
Admiration stereotypes
Are those in which the group is viewed with pride and other positive feelings
-Not Competitive, High Status
