Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT ALL > Cell Bio > Flashcards

Cell Bio Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Nucleolus

A

Subsection of nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membrane bound structures
Contain hydrolylic enzymes that can break down different substrates and cell waste products
When these enzymes are released autolysis of the cell occurs which leads to apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rough ER

A

Studded with ribosomes, that allow translation of proteins that are suppose to be secreted in lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Smooth ER

A

Does NOT have ribosomes
Used for lipid synthesis and for the detoxification of certain drugs and poison
transport proteins from the RER to the golgi apprantus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Golgi Apparantus

A

Materials modified, repackaged and transferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contain hydrogen peroxide
Break down long chains of fatty acids via Beta oxidation
Synthesis of phospholipids and enzymes for pentose phosphate pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Structural support- stability and rigidity and transport pathways
Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microfillaments

A

Solid rods of actin
Provide structural protection for cell and can cause muscle contraction through interactions with myosin.
They help form cleavage furrow during cytokinesis in mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Microtubules

A
  • Composed of tubulin
  • Create pathways for motor proteins like kinesin and dynein to carry vesicles
  • Contribute to the structure of cillia and flagella, where they are organized in a ring with two microtubules at the center (9+2 structure).
  • Centrioles are found in centrosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 organizing centers for microtubules

A

Centrosomes

Basal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intermediate fillaments

A

Involved in cell-celll adhesion or maintenance of integrity of the cytoskeleton
Help anchor organelles
Examples: keratin and desmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelial Tissues

A
  • covers the body and line its cavities, protecting against pathogen invasion and desiccation. Some epithelial cells absorb or secrete substances or participate in sensation.
  • Form Parenchyma
  • Polarized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parenchyma

A

Functional parts of the organ

Epithelial tissues form this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Layers in Epithelia

A

Simple Epithelia - one layer
Stratified Epithelia - many layers
Psuedostatified Epithelia - appear to have many layers because the differences in cell heights, but actually have one layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epithelia cell shape

A

Cuboidal cells- cube shaped
Columnar cells- long and narrow
Squamous cells- flat and scale like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Supports the body and provides framework for epithelial cells
  • Stroma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stroma

A

Support structure by secreting materials to form an extracellular matrix
Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples of connective tissue

A

Bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What group is prokaryotes part of

A

Archea and bacteria

20
Q

Archea

A

Single celled
Extremophiles (living in harsh environment)
Chemosynthesis- can use alternate sources of energy

21
Q

How are Archea similar to Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotes: Start translation with methionine, contain RNA polymerases and associate DNA with histones

Prokaryotes: Single circular chromosome and divide by binary fission

22
Q

Bacteria

A

Contain cell membrane, cytoplasm and some have flagella

23
Q

Bacteria Shape

A

Cocci- Spherical Shape
Bacilli- Rod-shaped
Spirilli- Spiral shaped

24
Q

Gram-positive bacteria

A

Purple

-Thick cell wall of peptidoglycan and Lipoteichoic acid

25
Q

Gram-Negative bacteria

A

Pink-red

- Thin cell wall composed of peptidoglycan an outer layer of phospholipids and lopopolysaccharides.

26
Q

Cillia

A

Projection from the cell that allow movement of material along the cell surface such as in the respiratory tract

27
Q

Flagella

A

Movement of the cell itself; sperm

28
Q

9+2 structure

A

Cillia and flagella

9 microtubules in the outer ring and 2 microtubules in the center

29
Q

Shapes of bacteria

A

Cocci- spherical shape
Bacilli- rod shaped
Spirilla- spiral shaped

30
Q

Chemotaxis

A

The ability of a cell to detect chemical stimuli and move toward or away from them

31
Q

Prokaryotic flagella made of

A

Makes up of filament, basal body and hook

32
Q

Virulent factors

A

Traits that increase how pathogenic a bacteria is such as toxin production- can get through plasmids

33
Q

Episomes

A

Subset of plasmids that are capable of integrating into the genome of the bacterium

34
Q

Transformation

A

A form of recombination in bacteria

Genetic material from the environment can be integrated into bacterial genome

35
Q

Conjugation

A

Sexual reproduction in bacteria
2 cells forming a conjugated bridge between them that allows for the transfer of genetic material. Unidirectional transfer from donor male to female

36
Q

Transduction

A

The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another using bacteriophage as a vector (virus)

37
Q

Teanspoons

A

Genetic elements that can insert into or remove themselves from the genome

38
Q

Bacterial growth phases

A

Lag phase- bacteria adapt to new local conditions
Exponential- growth increases
Stationary - resources reduced and growth levels off
Death- as resources become insufficient

39
Q

Viruses

A

No organelles or nucles

Composed of genetic material, protein coat and some have lipids

40
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat

41
Q

Virons

A

Individual virus particles that can be resealed into host cell

42
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Viruses that specifically target bacteria
Don’t enter only eject
They contain tail sheath which inject genetic material and tail fibers which allow it to attach to host cell

43
Q

Retroviruses

A

Are enveloped single stranded RNA virus to which a complementary dna strand is synthesized using reverse transcriptase and then dna integrates into host dna
Eg- hiv

44
Q

Lyric cycle

A

Makes massive number of virons until cell loses. Bacteria in this phase are called virulent

45
Q

Lysogenic

A

The virus integrates into the host genome as a provirus or prophase and reproduces along with the cell. Then provirus leave the genome at some time in response to a stimuli and enter the lytic cycle

MCAT ALL (56 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions