Learning And Memeory Flashcards
Shaping
Rewarding increasingly specific behaviors… good to train complicated behaviors
Latent learning
Learning that happens but isn’t evident until there is a reinforcement
3 ways to encode
Visual encoding (weakest) Acoustic encoding Semantic encoding( strongest)
Self reference effect
Put it into the context of our own lives
Maintenance rehearsal
Repetition of a price of info to keep it within memory or short term memory
Method of loci
Associating each item within a location along a route through a building that has already been memorized
Peg word
Associate number with items that rhyme it with symbols that resemble that number
7 +2 rule
Short term memory limited to 7 items
Housed in the hippocampus
Elaborate rehersal
Association of the info to knowledge already stored as long term memory
Stored in hippocampus but over time moved to cerebral cortex
Semantic networks
Concepts linked together based on similar meanings
Spreading activation
When one mode of out semantic network is activated, the other linked concepts are around it are unconditionally activated
Context efforts
Reticular cue- memory aides by being in the physical location where encoding took place
State dependent memory
Mental state affect recall- recall better if you are in the same state as you encoded it
Alzheimer’s
- Loss of acetylcholine in neurons
- Progressive demential loss of cognitive function and memory loss
- neurofibrillary tangled and beta amyloid plaques
- sundowning
Sundowning
Increase in dysfunction in the late afternoon and evening
Korsakoff syndrome
Memory loss by thiamine deficiency in the brain of
Retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of old memories
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to form new memories
Confabulation
Process of creating vivid but fabricated memories to fill in the gaps… leads to false memories
Agnosia
Loss of ability to recognize objects, people or sounds
Caused by physical damage to the brain
Retroactive interference
New info causing one to forget old info
Proactive interference
Old indie interfering with new learning
Prospective memory
Remembering to perform a task at some point in the future
Source monitoring error
Memory error where the source of the memory is incorrectly attributed
Synaptic pruning
As we get older weak neural connections are broken while strong ones are bolstered
Long term potentiation
Responsible for the conversion of short term to long term memory is the strengthening of neural connection resulting from the increase neurotransmitter release and adding receptor sites
