Analyzing organic reaction

Question 1

Lewis Acid

Answer 1

Electron acceptor , electrophile and has a vacant P orbital where electrons can be accepted

Question 2

Lewis Based

Answer 2

Electron Donor; nucleophile, have a lone pair of electrons that can be donated

Question 3

Coordinate covalent bond

Answer 3

Acid base form this

In this both the electrons come from one of the atoms involved

Question 4

Brownsted Lowry Acid

Answer 4

Donates a proton

Question 5

Brownsted Lowry Base

Answer 5

Accepts a proton

Question 6

Functional groups from weak acid to strong acid

Answer 6

Alkane, alkene, hydrogen (H-H), amine, alkyne, ester, ketonel/aldehyde, alcohol, water, carboxylic acid, hydronium ion

Question 7

Bond strength decreases down the table so how does that relate to acidity?

Answer 7

lower bond strength = greater acidity

Question 8

Higher electronegativity = what acidity

Answer 8

Higher electronegativity = higher acidity

Question 9

What functional groups act as acids

Answer 9

Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and its derivitives

Question 10

What functional groups act as bases?

Answer 10

Amines and amides

Question 11

Nucleophile

Answer 11

Nucleus loving
Lone pars or pie bond that can form new bonds with electrophiles
Good bases CHON with negative sign

Question 12

Nucleophilicity based on

Answer 12

1. Charge: greater charge= better nu
2. Electronegativity: greater E= lower Nu
3. Steric hinderance: Larger = lower Nu
4. Solvent: Protic solvent= lower Nu

Question 13

Polar protic solvent

Answer 13

Nucleophilicity increases down the periodic table

I > Br> Cl> F

Question 14

Aprotic Solvent

Answer 14

Nucleophilicity increases up the periodic table

F> Cl> Br> I

Question 15

Strong acids

Answer 15

HClO4
HClO3
H2SO4
HI
HBr
HCl
HNO3

Question 16

Strong Base

Answer 16

LiOH
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Ba(OH)2

Question 17

Examples of Protic solvents

Answer 17

Carboxylic acid
Ammonia/amines
Water/alcohol

Question 18

Aprotic solvents examples

Answer 18

DMF
DMSO
Acetone

Question 19

In SN1 rate is dependent on

Answer 19

Substrate

Question 20

SN1 uses what kind of nucleophile

Answer 20

Weak nucleophile or base and polar protic solvents

Question 21

SN1 reacts with

Answer 21

tertiary or secondary

Question 22

SN2 reacts with

Answer 22

Primary or secondary and strong nucleophile and polar aprotic solvent

Question 23

Good leaving groups

Answer 23

Stabilize electrons, weak bases so conjugate bases of strong acid, resonance and induction

Question 24

Oxidation

Answer 24

Loss of electrons

Greater number of bonds to O or hetroatom

Question 25

Reduction

Answer 25

Gain of electrons

Greater number of bonds to H

Question 26

Levels of oxidation

Answer 26

o: no bonds to hetroatoms: alkane
1: Alcohols, alkyl halides and amines
2: aldehydes, ketones and imines
3. Carboxylic acids, anhydrides, esters and amides
4: (4 bond to hetroatom) carbon dioxide

Question 27

Pyridinium chlorochromate

Answer 27

Weak oxidizing agent and oxidizes an alcohol to aldehyde

Question 28

Larger nucleophile

Answer 28

Stronger conjugate acid and stronger nuclephile

Question 29

How reactive carboxylic derisive are toward nucleophiles

Answer 29

Anhydride > carboxylic acid and esters > amide

Derivatives of high can form lower by no vice versa