Circutis Flashcards

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1
Q

Current

A

Movement of positive charge through a conductive material over time and is given is Amperes (C/S)

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2
Q

Voltage

A

Potential difference between two points and is given in volts (J/C)

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3
Q

Electromotive force (emf)

A

Potential difference of the voltage source for a circuit, usually a battery and is given in volts

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4
Q

Conductivity

A

The reciprocal of resistance and is a measure of permissiveness to current flow, measured in siemens (S)

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5
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

For a given resistance, the magnitude of the current through a resistor is proportional to the voltage drop across the resistors

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6
Q

Kirchhoff’s Current Law

A

Kirchhoff’s Current Law says that the sum of all currents flowing into a node equals the sum of currents flowing out of the node.

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7
Q

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

A

The sum of voltages around a loop is zero.

  • You can trace a loop starting from any node. Walk around the loop and end up back at the starting node, the sum of voltages around the loop adds up to zero.
  • You can go around the loop in either direction, clockwise or counterclockwise. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law still holds.
  • If a circuit has multiple loops, Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law is true for every loop.
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8
Q

How does adding or removing a resistor change the total resistance of a circuit with resistors in series? In parallel?

A

Adding a resistor in series increases the total resistance of a circuit; removing one in series decreases the total resistance in the circuit
Adding a resistor decreases resistance in parallel, while removing one increases it.

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9
Q

What four physical quantities determine the resistance of a resistor?

A

Resistivity, length, cross sectional area, and temperature

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10
Q

How does power relate to current, voltage and resistance

A

P= IV= I^2R= (V^2/R)

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11
Q

What does internal resistance of a battery do?

A

It lowers the available voltage for the circuit and thus lower the current for any given resistance.

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12
Q

What happens when you put a non-conducting material (dielectric material) between the two plates?

A

Capacitance increases

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13
Q

How does a dielectric in isolated capacitors Increase the capacitance?

A

Reduce the voltage

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14
Q

Capacitance equation

A

C= Q/V

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15
Q

Units for capacitance

A

Farad (1F= 1C/V)

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16
Q

Uniform electric field between plates equation

A

E=V/d

17
Q

Potential energy stored in capacitance

A

U= 1/2CV^2 or qV/2

18
Q

Capacitance due to dielectric material

A

C(new)= kC

19
Q

How does the capacitance increase in a dielectrics in circuit capacitors?

A

By increasing the amount of charge by a factor of dielectric constant and voltage constant because battery is there so wants to maintain a constant voltage.

20
Q

Capacitors in a series

A

Total capacitance decreases
1/Cs= (1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3…)
Charge same on each capacitor
Voltage is sum of individual capacitors

21
Q

Capacitors in parallel

A
Total capacitance increases
Cp= C1 +C2 +C3 +Cn....
Voltage same across each capacitor
Same voltage at each capacitor as the battery 
Greater capacitance= greater charge
22
Q

How does a dielectric affect capacitance, voltage and charge

A

A dielectric will increase capacitance. If the capacitor is isolated, its voltage will decrease when a dielectric is introduced
If its in a circuit, its voltage is constant because it is dictated by its voltage source.
If the capacitor is isolated, the stored charge will remain constant and if its in a circuit the stored charge will increase.

23
Q

How does adding or removing a capacitor in series and parallel affect capacitance?

A

Adding a capacitor in a series decreases the total capacitance of a circuit; removing one in a series increases the total capacitance in the circuit
In parallel, adding a capacitor increases capacitance and removing it decreases it.

24
Q

What physical qualities contribute to the capacitance of a capacitor?

A

Surface area, distance, and dielectric constant all contribute to the capacitance of a capacitor.

25
Q

Ammeter

A

Measures:Current
Placement: In series
Ideal resistance: 0
Need circuit to be on

26
Q

Voltmeter

A

Measures: Voltage
Placement: Parallel
Ideal resistance: Infinite
Need circuit to be on

27
Q

Ohmmeter

A

Measures:Resistance
Placement: Two points in series with circuit
Ideal resistance: 0
Does NOT Need circuit to be on

28
Q

Resistors generate

A

Power