Light and Optics

Question 1

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Answer 1

All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation; arranged according to their wavelengths (large to small):
Large wavelengths= lower energy and low frequency

Retarded Medical Interns Vie Using eXtraneous Grades

Radio < Mico< IR < Vis< UV < X < Gama

Question 2

Electromagnetic Waves

Answer 2

A form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space, independent of matter.

Transverse waves.

Question 3

Speed of light

Answer 3

Speed of electromagnetic waves traveling through a vacuum.

c = λf = constant equal to 3.00E⁸m/s

Based on v = λf

Question 4

Visible spectrum

Answer 4

Electromagnetic waves that are visible to the human eye, from 400 - 700 nm broken into:

ROY G. BIV
Red= 700
Violet = 400

Question 5

Color

Answer 5

A visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit, transmit or reflect.

In the case of reflection, all other colors are absorbed besides the perceived color.

If all light is reflected, the color preceived is white (as in the case of racemic mixtures which are optically inactive: Chem bridge)

Question 6

Converging Focal Point

Answer 6

ALWAYS POSITIVE (+f) for both mirrors & lenses

Question 7

Diverging Focal Point

Answer 7

ALWAYS NEGATIVE (-f) for both mirrors & lenses

Question 8

Mirrors (con and di)

Answer 8

Converging:Concave Mirror
Diverging:Convex Mirror

Question 9

Lenses (Con and di)

Answer 9

Converging: Convex Lens
Diverging:Concave Lens

Question 10

Definition of Image Types

Answer 10

• Real Image Image is located where outgoing light rays converge; on the SAME SIDE as the outgoing light (+di)
• Virtual Image Image is located where the tracebacks of the light rays converge; on the OPPOSITE SIDE of the outgoing light (-di)

Question 11

Image Distance (i)

Answer 11

positive Real Images (+i)

Negative Virtual Images (-i)

Question 12

Magnification Sign & Image Type

Answer 12

(-) M: image is INVERTED
(+) M image is UPRIGHT
M < 1 Smaller
M > 1 Enlarged

Question 13

Virtual and Inverted images

Answer 13

IR : Inverted images are always Real

UV: Upright images are always virtual

Question 14

Diverging Mirrors and Lenses ALWAYS produce

Answer 14

NVU images! (Negative, Virtual, Upright)

Question 15

Optic Characteristics of the Human Eye

Answer 15

• retina PRI images ALWAYS (Convex Lens)
• Minimum Focal Length of Eye INCREASES with age
• Relaxing Ciliary Muscles: Increases Focal Distance of Eye’s Lens, Decreases Lens Power
• Contracting Ciliary Muscles: Decreases Focal Distance, Increases Lens Power
• Relaxing: Objects that are Farther Away
• Contracting: Objects that are Close

Question 16

Power

Answer 16

P= 1/f

Measured in Diopters

Question 17

Main Equation

Answer 17

1/f= (1/o) + (1/i) = (2/r)
m= (-i/o)

Question 18

Snells Law

Answer 18

n=c/v

n1sin(theta1) = n2Sin(theta2)

Question 19

Total Internal reflection

Answer 19

No reflection, so light stays within the medium
Critical angle= any angle greater than this will show TIR
-N1 greater than N2
-Refraction angle has to be 90

Question 20

Bending of light from a medium of low refractive index to High refractive index?

Answer 20

Light will bend more towards the normal when going from low n to high n
- If the incident angle is larger than the critical angle, total internal reflection will occur

Question 21

Bending of light from a medium of High refractive index to Low refractive index?

Answer 21

Light will bend more away from the normal when going from high n to low n
- If the incident angle is larger than the critical angle, total internal reflection will occur

Question 22

DIspersion

Answer 22

Tendency for different wavelengths of light to experience different degrees of refraction in medium, leading to seperation of light into the visible spectrum (a rainbow)

Question 23

Aberration (Spherical or chromatic)

Answer 23

The alteration or distortion of an image as a result of an imperfection in the optical activity

Question 24

How does the diffraction pattern for a single slit differ from a slit with a thin lens?

Answer 24

Diffraction through a single slit does not create characteristic fringes when projected on a screen, although the light does spread out. When the lens is introduced into the system, the additional refraction of light causes a constructive and destructive interference, creating fringes

Question 25

What wave phenomenon do diffraction fringes result from?

Answer 25

Fringes result from constructive and destructive interference between light rays

Question 26

How does double-slit diffraction and interference differ from single-slit diffraction?

Answer 26

The image formed during double-slit diffraction contains fringes because light rays constructively and destructively interfere. A single slit forms an image of a wide band of light, spread out from its original beam.

Question 27

Plane polarized light

Answer 27

Plane polarized light contains waves with parallel electronic field vectors.

Question 28

Circularly polarized

Answer 28

Circularly polarized light selects for a given amplitude and has a continuously rotating electric field direction

Question 29

How does the application of polarized filter impact the wavelength of light passing through the filter

Answer 29

Plane polarization has no effect on the wavelength (or frequency or speed) of light. Polarization does affect the amount of light passing through a medium and light intensity