Soc11- Performance Enhancing Drugs Flashcards
Why do people take performance enhancing drugs?
- Improve their performance
- Some people are encouraged to do so by their coaches or fellow athletes
- The reward of winning (Gold medal in some sports is said to be worth a million dollars in endorsements)
- Pressure
What are Anabolic Steriods?
Drugs that mimic the sex hormone testosterone and promote bone and muscle growth
What are the benefits of Anabolic Steriods?
Anabolic steroids are used to enhance performance. Taken to increase muscles mass and develop bone growth, therefore increasing strength while at the same time allowing the athlete to train harder and recover quicker
What are the disadvantages of Anabolic Steroids?
Side effects: increased risk of muscle injury, increased risk of heart attacks and strokes, high blood pressure and even death!
What are Beta Blockers?
Drugs that are used to control the heart rate and have a calming and relaxing effect.
What are the benefits of Beta Blockers?
Benefits: beta blockers can help targets sports where steadiness and precision are required, because they reduce heart rate.
What are the disadvantages of Beta Blockers?
Side effects: nausea, diarrhoea, tiredness, depression, insomnia and nightmares.
What are Narcotics Analgesics?
Narcotic analgesics - these are painkillers that are used to help an injured athlete continue to train and perform in big competitions despite their injury or allow an endurance athlete to tolerate a greater level of pain. This can be dangerous for an athlete as their injury may worsen by continuing to perform.
What are the benefits of narcotic analgesics?
These drugs can act by depressing the central nervous system and give relief from painful injuries, but allowing the injured player to take part, they can increase the risk of severe or long-lasting injury.
What are the side effects of narcotic analgesics?
Loss of coordination, loss of balance, loss of concentration and emotional effects.
What are duretics?
Drugs that elevate the rate of urine production.
What are the benefits of diuretics?
This can help performers who need to loose weight. Diuretics may also be used to refuce the concentration of other banned substance that may be present in the urine.
What are the side effects of diurietics?
Dehydration, which can cause dizziness, muscle cramps, headaches and nausea.
What are peptide hormones?
Increase the rate of production of red blood cells.
What are the benefits of peptide hormones?
Increase muscle growth, assist in recovery from injury and heavy training sessions. Allows the body to carry extra oxygen, and disperse waste products and lactic acid.
What are the side effects of Peptide Hormones?
Blood becomes thicker, which makes it more difficult to pass through the small capillaries and increases the risk of heart attack or stroke.
What are Growth Hormones?
Is used to increase their muscles development (very similar to steroids).
What are the benefits of Growth Hormones?
Increase muscle growth (strength and size). Not as many side effects as steroids meaning less aggressive.
What are the side effects of Growth Hormones?
Minimal side effects, can be detected by a blood test and not in your urine.
What are Stimulants?
Drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system, such as/ or physical alertness. E.g. amphetamines, ephedrine and cocaine, as well as nicotine and caffeine.
What are the benefits of Stimulants?
Increase alertness, enabling people to think more by stimulating the central nervous system. Overcome tiredness. Reduce the effects of lactic acid on muscles.
What are the side effects of Stimulants?
Insomnia, irregular/increased heart beat, high blood pressure and addiction.
What is Blood Doping?
• blood doping is a baned process - not a banned drug
• Blooding doping involves boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to improve performance
• As res blood cells carry 02 to the muscles, having more of these cells in your blood can improve your aerobic capacity and in turn your endurance
• It is well known thatvif an athlete trains at high altitude the oxygen carrying capacity of their blood increases. For this reason, athletes born at high altitude have a distinct afvantage in endurnace events
