So 26: Skill, Practice, Guidance And Feedback Flashcards
What are open skills?
Always changing
● Affected by the environment.
● Involve decision making.
● Externally paced.
● E.g. dribbling past a defender
What is a closed skill?
Stable environment
● Not affected by the environment.
● The skill is habitual.
● Self paced.
● E.g. Free throw in basketball
What is a basic/simple skill?
Easy, low concentration
● Little information to process.
● Few decisions to make.
● Use in many sports.
● E.g. Chest pass in netball / Side-foot pass in football
What is a complex skill?
Hard, high concentration
● Lots of information to process.
● Decisions need to be made quickly. .
● Generally sport specific.
● E.g. Spike in Volleyball/ Smash in Tennis
What is a high organisation skill?
Complicated phases
● Complex and require large amounts of attention.
● Need high levels of attention and coordination.
● Difficult to break down into phases.
● E.g. Somersault in trampolining
What is low organisation skill?
Uncomplicated stages
● Uncomplicated and simple.
● Can usually break the skill down into phases.
● E.g. Set shot in basketball
What is a massed practice?
Practice until learnt
● Practised without taking a break.
● Can be intense and mentally challenging.
● E.g. Normally for athletes who are fit and motivated
What is a distributed practice?
Practised over several sessions
● Plenty of rest breaks.
● E.g. Normally for players of lower ability, experience
or fitness level
What is a fixed practice?
Practised in a single situation
● Practised over and over again until perfected.
● Closed skills are normally practised in this way.
● E.g. Practising a set shot in basketball
What is a variable practice?
Practising the skill in a variety of different situations.
● Adapt to different situations.
● Essential for open skills.
● Normally for players of lower ability, experience or fitness level.
● Football varies from match to match e.g. weather conditions/
opposition etc
What is the definition of guidance?
Definition: Information to aid the learning of a skill; can be given
visually, verbally, manually or mechanically.
What is visual guidance?
● Coach showing the technique or ‘perfect model’.
● Show a video
● Easy to understand, but harder to show difficult skills.
● Helps the learner visualise the skill.
● Most effective when used at the early stages of learning
What is verbal guidance?
● Can be hard to understand, but important for harder skills.
● Can be provided during a performance and is ideal for open
skills.
● Effective when used in conjunction with other forms of guidance
● Good for advanced performers
What is manual guidance?
Using physical contact to help a performer complete a skill.
● Gives ‘feel’ for movement, but not always practical.
● Can be used with learners of all abilities.
● Helps the learner gain a kinaesthetic sense of the movement.
● Helps build confidence
What is mechanical guidance?
Using equipment to help a performer complete a skill.
● Very effective in the early stages of learning.
● Helps the learner gain a kinaesthetic of the movement.
● Helps build confidence
What is the definition of feedback?
Definition: Information received before, during or after a
performance about the performance.
What is intrinsic feedback?
Comes from the performer themselves
● Experienced performers will know when something feels
right or wrong, whereas beginners may not have such
experience
What is extrinsic feedback?
Comes from an external source such as a teacher or coach.
● Beginners will benefit greatly from extrinsic feedback as they
may not have the knowledge to assess their own
performance.
● Can motivate them to improve
What is concurrent feedback?
Provided during the performance.
● This feedback can be acted on immediately.
● E.g. Communication from the sidelines from the manager/
coach
What is terminal feedback?
Provided at the end of the game or performance.
● This feedback will be aimed at being more reflective
and giving an overview of the performance
What is mental preparation?
For most sportspeople, mental preparation starts long before
the warm-up in a game. Getting in the right mindset is
something you practice during training and something you may
get help from e.g. coach
What is imagery?
Imagery is a mental or psychological technique in which the
performer imagines or visualises themselves being successful
in their performance. For example before taking a penalty a
footballer might picture the ball hitting the back of the net
How does mental rehearsal/imagery help an athlete?
● Maintain a positive attitude
● Stay calm
● Eliminate distractions
