Soc 14-muscular system Flashcards
What are the three groups a muscle an fall into?
- Volentary
- Involentary
- Cardiac
What are voluntory muscles?
Muscles that are under your control-you can choose when to contract and relax them.
What is a pair of muscles called?
Antagonistic pairs
What are characteristics of voluntary muscles?
-cylinder fibres they are usually long and think but ger shorter and fatter when contracted.
What are the 3 categories of body?
- ectomorph
- mesomorph
- endomorph
Where is the Deltoid muscle and what is its function?
Location:rounded triangular muscle on the upper most part of the arm at the top of the shoulder.
Function: moving the arm in all dorections at the shoulder.
Where is the Pectoralis major muscle and what is its function?
Adduct the arm at the shoulder
What is the name of muscles that work together?
Antagonistic pairs
What are antagonistic pairs?
Mislces arranged in twos where one muscle contracts and the other relaxes.
Muscles that work together to create movement
What are the three antagonistic pairs that I need to know?
- Bicep and tricep
- Hamstring and quadricep
- Gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior
What is the muscle doing the work called?
Agonist
What muscle allows you to extend your leg?
The quadricep
Muscles can only ____ they CANT PUSH
Pull
What is the two types of muscle fibres?
- fast twitch fibres
- slow twitch fibres
What is myoglobin?
A pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles.
Where is the deltoid located?
Rounded, triangular muscle on the uppermost part of the arm and at the top of the shoulder.
What is the deltoid’s function?
And example in sport:
Move the arm in all directions at the shoulder
Serving in tennis
What is the bicep’s function?
And example in sport:
Flex the arm at the elbow
Example:Chin-up, drawing a bow in archery
What is the Pectoralis major’s function?
And example in sport:
Adduct the arm at the shoulder
Example: Forehand drive in tennis
What is the Latissimus dorsi’s function?
And example in sport:
Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder
Example: butterfly stroke in swimming
Where is the bicep located?
Front of the arm
Where is the Pectoralis major located?
Covering the chest
Where is the Latissimus Dorsi located?
Broad sheet of muscle that extends from the lower region of the spine to the bone in the upper arm( humerus)
What is the triceps’ function?
And example in sport:
Extend the arm at the elbow
Example: press-up, throwing a javelin
What is the External obliques’ function?
And example in sport:
Function: pull the chest downwards; flex and rotate the spinal column; one side contracting creates a side bend
Example: crunches in the gym
What is the Gluteus maximus’ function?
And example in sport:
Adduct and extend leg at the hips, pull the leg backwards
Example: pilling back leg before kicking a ball
What is the hip flexor’s function?
And example in sport:
Function: flex the hip, help move the leg and knee up towards the body
Example: lifting knees high in sprinting
What is the tricep’s location?
Back of the upper arm
Where is the location of the external obliques?
To side of the abdomen, running from the lower half of the ribs down to the Pelvis
What is the location of the Gluteals?
Form the buttocks. Gluteus maximus( the largest) lies just under the skin, and is attached to the femur(thigh bone)
What is the loaction of the hip flexors?
Sit deep in the front of the hip and connect the leg, pelvis and abdomen.
What is the location of the Quadriceps
Four muscles found on the front on the upper leg
What is the Quadricep’s function?
And example in sport:
Extend the leg at the knee
Example: kicking a ball, jumping upwards
What is the hamstring’s function?
And example in sport:
Flex the leg at the knee
Example: bending knee before kicking a ball
What is the Gastrocnemius’ function?
And example in sport:
Function: point the toes downwards(plantar-flexes the ankle), help flex the knee.
Example: running
What is the Tibialos anterior function?
And example in sport:
Function: pull the toes up towards the shin(dorsi-flexes the ankle)
What is the Tibialis anterior location?
Runs down the shin
What is the location of the hamstrings?
Found on the back of the leg, stretching from the bottom part of the pelvis to the tibia( the shin bone)
Where is the Gastrocnemius located?
Starts at the back of the femur and comes together with the soleus muscle to form the Achillies tendon at the back of the ankle
What is the name of the fast and slow twitch fibres?
Slow twitch(type 1)
Fast twitch (type 2a and 2x)
What are antagonistic pairs?
Muscles that work together to create movement
What are slow twitch fibres?
Type 1-dark in colour because of myoglobin(transports oxygen to muscle) and have a good oxygen supply
What are fast twitch fibres?
Type 2a and 2x: lighter in colour because they don’t use oxygen to make energy
What is the bone thats moved called?
The point of insertion
What is the bone that doesn’t move called?
The point of origin
When the deltoid is contracting and causing shoulder abduction,which muscle is acting as the antagonist?
Latissimus Dorsi
The _____ grab on to one another to cause a muscle to contract,these are found inside the muscle fibres
Myofibril
Characterisitics of involentary muscles?
Not under our control,contract and relax automatically, controlled by the involentary nervous system
Characteristics of cardiac muscles
-found on the wall of the heart
Made up on interlaced fibres
What does the antagonist muscle do?
Relax
