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GCSE PE✅ > Soc 14-muscular system > Flashcards

Soc 14-muscular system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three groups a muscle an fall into?

A
  1. Volentary
  2. Involentary
  3. Cardiac
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2
Q

What are voluntory muscles?

A

Muscles that are under your control-you can choose when to contract and relax them.

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3
Q

What is a pair of muscles called?

A

Antagonistic pairs

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4
Q

What are characteristics of voluntary muscles?

A

-cylinder fibres they are usually long and think but ger shorter and fatter when contracted.

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5
Q

What are the 3 categories of body?

A
  • ectomorph
  • mesomorph
  • endomorph
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6
Q

Where is the Deltoid muscle and what is its function?

A

Location:rounded triangular muscle on the upper most part of the arm at the top of the shoulder.

Function: moving the arm in all dorections at the shoulder.

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7
Q

Where is the Pectoralis major muscle and what is its function?

A

Adduct the arm at the shoulder

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8
Q

What is the name of muscles that work together?

A

Antagonistic pairs

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9
Q

What are antagonistic pairs?

A

Mislces arranged in twos where one muscle contracts and the other relaxes.

Muscles that work together to create movement

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10
Q

What are the three antagonistic pairs that I need to know?

A
  1. Bicep and tricep
  2. Hamstring and quadricep
  3. Gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior
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11
Q

What is the muscle doing the work called?

A

Agonist

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12
Q

What muscle allows you to extend your leg?

A

The quadricep

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13
Q

Muscles can only ____ they CANT PUSH

A

Pull

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14
Q

What is the two types of muscle fibres?

A
  • fast twitch fibres

- slow twitch fibres

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15
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

A pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles.

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16
Q

Where is the deltoid located?

A

Rounded, triangular muscle on the uppermost part of the arm and at the top of the shoulder.

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17
Q

What is the deltoid’s function?

And example in sport:

A

Move the arm in all directions at the shoulder

Serving in tennis

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18
Q

What is the bicep’s function?

And example in sport:

A

Flex the arm at the elbow

Example:Chin-up, drawing a bow in archery

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19
Q

What is the Pectoralis major’s function?

And example in sport:

A

Adduct the arm at the shoulder

Example: Forehand drive in tennis

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20
Q

What is the Latissimus dorsi’s function?

And example in sport:

A

Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder

Example: butterfly stroke in swimming

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21
Q

Where is the bicep located?

A

Front of the arm

22
Q

Where is the Pectoralis major located?

A

Covering the chest

23
Q

Where is the Latissimus Dorsi located?

A

Broad sheet of muscle that extends from the lower region of the spine to the bone in the upper arm( humerus)

24
Q

What is the triceps’ function?

And example in sport:

A

Extend the arm at the elbow

Example: press-up, throwing a javelin

25
Q

What is the External obliques’ function?

And example in sport:

A

Function: pull the chest downwards; flex and rotate the spinal column; one side contracting creates a side bend

Example: crunches in the gym

26
Q

What is the Gluteus maximus’ function?

And example in sport:

A

Adduct and extend leg at the hips, pull the leg backwards

Example: pilling back leg before kicking a ball

27
Q

What is the hip flexor’s function?

And example in sport:

A

Function: flex the hip, help move the leg and knee up towards the body

Example: lifting knees high in sprinting

28
Q

What is the tricep’s location?

A

Back of the upper arm

29
Q

Where is the location of the external obliques?

A

To side of the abdomen, running from the lower half of the ribs down to the Pelvis

30
Q

What is the location of the Gluteals?

A

Form the buttocks. Gluteus maximus( the largest) lies just under the skin, and is attached to the femur(thigh bone)

31
Q

What is the loaction of the hip flexors?

A

Sit deep in the front of the hip and connect the leg, pelvis and abdomen.

32
Q

What is the location of the Quadriceps

A

Four muscles found on the front on the upper leg

33
Q

What is the Quadricep’s function?

And example in sport:

A

Extend the leg at the knee

Example: kicking a ball, jumping upwards

34
Q

What is the hamstring’s function?

And example in sport:

A

Flex the leg at the knee

Example: bending knee before kicking a ball

35
Q

What is the Gastrocnemius’ function?

And example in sport:

A

Function: point the toes downwards(plantar-flexes the ankle), help flex the knee.

Example: running

36
Q

What is the Tibialos anterior function?

And example in sport:

A

Function: pull the toes up towards the shin(dorsi-flexes the ankle)

37
Q

What is the Tibialis anterior location?

A

Runs down the shin

38
Q

What is the location of the hamstrings?

A

Found on the back of the leg, stretching from the bottom part of the pelvis to the tibia( the shin bone)

39
Q

Where is the Gastrocnemius located?

A

Starts at the back of the femur and comes together with the soleus muscle to form the Achillies tendon at the back of the ankle

40
Q

What is the name of the fast and slow twitch fibres?

A

Slow twitch(type 1)

Fast twitch (type 2a and 2x)

41
Q

What are antagonistic pairs?

A

Muscles that work together to create movement

42
Q

What are slow twitch fibres?

A

Type 1-dark in colour because of myoglobin(transports oxygen to muscle) and have a good oxygen supply

43
Q

What are fast twitch fibres?

A

Type 2a and 2x: lighter in colour because they don’t use oxygen to make energy

44
Q

What is the bone thats moved called?

A

The point of insertion

45
Q

What is the bone that doesn’t move called?

A

The point of origin

46
Q

When the deltoid is contracting and causing shoulder abduction,which muscle is acting as the antagonist?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

47
Q

The _____ grab on to one another to cause a muscle to contract,these are found inside the muscle fibres

A

Myofibril

48
Q

Characterisitics of involentary muscles?

A

Not under our control,contract and relax automatically, controlled by the involentary nervous system

49
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscles

A

-found on the wall of the heart

Made up on interlaced fibres

50
Q

What does the antagonist muscle do?

A

Relax

GCSE PE✅ (28 decks)

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