Skin And Bone Introduction Flashcards
The integumentary system includes…
Skin, hair, nails
What’s the largest organ in the body
Skin
Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption in the digestive tract
Vitamin D
Deepest layer of the epidermis
Stratum basale
The Stratum basale includes what…
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells
Produce keratin for strength and water proofing
Keratinocytes
Produce melanin
Melanocytes
Tactile cells are
Touch sensitive
Several lattes of keratinocytes produced by stem cells
Stratum spinosum
How do keratinocytes interconnect
Thru spine like projections
Epidermal dendritic cells function and where they are found
Stratum spinosum, engulf bacteria in epidermis
Consists of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes and granules
Stratum granulosum
Extrude lipids from keratinocytes to extracellular space for water proofing
Granules
In the Stratum granulosum
Keratinocytes fill with keratin, lose water, and then die
Clear layer found in the palms of hands and soles of feet
Stratum lucidum
Many layers of dead corneocytes
Stratum corneum
Deep to the epidermis, connective tissue with a lot of collagen
Dermis
Has blood vessels, sweat glands, oil glands, nerve endings, and hair follicles
Dermis
Superficial fascia and fat
Hypodermis
Hypodermis also called the…
Subcutaneous layer
Use ducts to transport secretion
Exocrine glands
Cermuninius glands
Produce waxy substance in ear
Oil glands are found
Around root of hair
Most common, least dangerous, seldom spreads
Basal cell carcinoma
More dangerous than basal because it can spread to other body parts
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most deadly, aggressive, grows quick, and spreads
Malignant melanoma
ABCD
Assymety, border, color, diameter
Specialized form of connective tissue where extracellular matrix is mineralized
Bones
Function of bones
Protect organs, movement, stores minerals and fats, hemopoisesis
Blood cell formation
Hemopoisesis
Greater length than width
Long bones
Have legnth equal to width
Short bones
Shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
End of a long bone
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Between diaphysis and epiphysis
Growth plate in a bone
Epiphyseal plate
A fused epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal line
Dense, outer bone layer
Compact bone
Inner lattice work of bone
Spongy/ cancellous bone
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction
Articular cartilage
Hollow, cylindrical space that contains yellow bone marrow.
Medullary cavity
Inner membrane which contains various bone cells
Endosteum
Tough, outer layer of dense irregular CT
Periosteum
Osteoprogenitor cells
Develop into osteblasts
Osteoblasts
Form new bone matrix
Osteocytes
Maintains bone matrix
Osteoclasts
Secrete HCl, dissolving bone matrix and forming a cavity
Internal lamellar, long cylinders
Osteons
What is in the central canal of long bones
Blood vessels and nerves
Osteocytes are trapped in…
Spaces called lacunae
In the skull, the bones are…
Spongy in the middle of two compact bone layers
Total bones in skeletal system
207
Axial number of bones?
Appendicular number or bones?
81
126
What makes up the appendicular skeleton
Lower limbs and upper
Pelvic and pectoral girdle
Sharp bony ridge
Crest
Rounded prominence that articulates with another bone
Condyle
Small projection above condyle
Epicondyle
Smooth flat surface
Facet
Slit passageway
Fissure
Hole
Foremen
A depression
Fossa
Larger end of a long bone
Head
Slight bony ridge
Line
Canal
Meatus
Projection
Process
An elongated process
Ramus
Slender ridge or projection
Spine
A groove
Sulcus
Large blunted process
Trochanter
Tubercle
Small rounded process
Tuberosity
Broad process, larger than a tubercle
