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Anatomy > Exam 4: The Blood > Flashcards

Exam 4: The Blood Flashcards

1
Q

A fluid connective tissue consisting of blood cells and platelets.

A

Blood

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2
Q

Blood contains

A

Dissolved protein fibers in watery ground substance

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3
Q

Red blood cells transport what

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

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4
Q

White blood cell function

A

Fight off infections

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5
Q

Platelets and dissolved proteins help with

A

Clotting

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6
Q

Blood makes up what percent of body mass

A

8

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7
Q

How many liters of blood are produced each day in women and men?

A

Women= 4-5

Male=5-6

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8
Q

Blood has what components when separated by centrifuge?

A

Plasma, Buffy coat, and erythrocytes

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9
Q

Plasma makes up

A

55% of whole blood

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10
Q

What is in plasma

A

Water, proteins, and other solutes such as electrolytes and nutrients

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11
Q

The Buffy coat makes up

A

Less than 1% of whole blood

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12
Q

The Buffy coat is made up of

A

Platelets and leukocytes (WBC)

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13
Q

Erythrocytes make up

A

45% of whole blood

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14
Q

Red blood cells are also called

A

Erythrocytes

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15
Q

What is the most dense and least dense component in blood when separated by centrifuge

A

Least dense is plasma, most dense is erythrocytes

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16
Q

Percentage of volume of all formed elements in the blood, attributed by percentage of volume in red blood cells

A

Hematocrit

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17
Q

What is the hematocrit in males and females

A

Males= 42-56%, Females=38-46%

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18
Q

The most abundant of the plasma proteins

A

Albumin

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19
Q

Function of albumin

A

Retain water in blood and transport hormones

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20
Q

Function of fibrinogen

A

Help with clot formation

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21
Q

Function of globulins

A

Transport lipids

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22
Q

What are the main blood proteins

A

Albumin, fibrinogen, and globulins

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23
Q

Lack nuclei and organelles

A

Erythrocytes

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24
Q

Erythrocytes transport

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

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25
Q

Erythrocytes contain

A

Hemoglobin, which binds oxygen and carbon dioxide

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26
Q

What is an important component of hemoglobin

A

Iron

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27
Q

Average life span of erythrocytes

A

120 days, broken down in liver

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28
Q

Heme ( hemoglobin without iron) is converted into

A

Bilirubin, component of bile

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29
Q

Iron is transpired from the

A

Liver to bone marrow for recycling

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30
Q

Erythrocytes originate in

A

Red bone marrow

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31
Q

Erythrocytes function how

A

Anaerobically, not using oxygen they transport

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32
Q

There is a lot of what in the oxygen carrying hemoglobin

A

Cytoplasm

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33
Q

Main function of erythrocytes

A

Transport oxygen to tissues

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34
Q

Wrights stain is often used on

A

Blood smears

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35
Q

Heme components are

A

Biliverdin in bile of liver, and iron stored by ferritin in liver

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36
Q

Erythrocyte membranes protein and globin proteins are broken down into

A

Amino acids

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37
Q

The plasma membrane of an erythrocyte has surface antigens that

A

Project from the surface

38
Q

Red blood cells can have what type of antigens

A

A, B, A and B or neither A ans B

39
Q

Type A blood

A

Red blood cells have surface antigen A

40
Q

Type B blood

A

Red blood cells have surface antigen B

41
Q

Type AB blood

A

Red blood cells have A and B surface antigens

42
Q

Type O blood

A

Red blood cells don’t have surface A or B antigen

43
Q

White blood cells produce antibodies to

A

Surface antigens not found on an individuals red blood cells

44
Q

White blood cells antibodies help to

A

Identify when foreign cells enter the body

45
Q

A person with type A has what type of antibodies

A

Anti B in blood plasma

46
Q

A person with type B has what type of antibodies

A

Anti A

47
Q

A person with type AB blood has what type of antibodies

A

Neither anti A or anti B

48
Q

A person with type O blood has what kind of antibodies

A

Both Anti A and anti B

49
Q

If a person receives a blood transfusion that’s incompatible, antibodies…

A

Bind to the antigen surface and red blood cell clumps bind together (agglutination)

50
Q

A person with type AB blood is a

A

Universal recipient

51
Q

A person with type O blood is a

A

Universal donor

52
Q

Another common surface antigen on erythrocytes is also called a

A

Rh antigen

53
Q

Rh antigen is also called

A

Surface antigen D

54
Q

When rh is present on the antigen, the individual is said to be

A

Rh positive

55
Q

A rh positive person doesn’t produce

A

Rh antibodies

56
Q

A person only produces antibodies if they are

A

Negative and are exposed to Rh positive blood

57
Q

Leukocytes function

A

Initiate an immune response

58
Q

Leukocytes characteristics include….

A

Have a nucleus, organelles, and are divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes

59
Q

Wright’s stain consists of

A

Eosin, red, and methylene, blue.

60
Q

Granulocytes have granules in their

A

Cytoplasm

61
Q

Three granulocytes types

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

62
Q

Multi-lobed nucleus, pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules

A

Neutrophils

63
Q

Neutrophils function

A

Phagocytize bacteria

64
Q

Bi-lobed nuclei, reddish organs granules

A

Eosinophils

65
Q

Functions of eosinophils

A

Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and allergens; release chemical mediators to destroy parasitic worms

66
Q

Bi-lobed nucleus, purplish/black cytoplasmic granules

A

Basophils

67
Q

Function of basophils

A

Release histamine and heparin during allergic or inflammatory reactions

68
Q

Type of antigen that produces an abnormally aggressive immune response

A

Allergen

69
Q

Have such small granules in their cytoplasm they aren’t visible under the microscope

A

Agranulocytes

70
Q

Three types of lymphocytes

A

T, B, and natural killer cells

71
Q

Large spherical nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm

A

Lymphocyte

72
Q

Lymphocyte function

A

Attack pathogens, coordinate immune cell activity, and produce antibodies

73
Q

Kinsey shaped nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm

A

Monocyte

74
Q

Functions of monocytes

A

Become macrophages, phagocytize pathogens, and engulf debris

75
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes) function

A

Form clots in response to damage

76
Q

Irregular membrane bound cellular fragments of cells called

A

Megakaryocytes

77
Q

Megakaryocytes are found in

A

Red bone marrow

78
Q

Parts of the Megakaryocytes…

A

Pinch off and enter blood stream

79
Q

A low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) makes one

A

Prone to bleeding

80
Q

Malignancy, cancer resulting in uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells in bone marrow

A

Leukemia

81
Q

Excessively low erythrocyte or hemoglobin concentrations

A

Anemia

82
Q

Abnormal excess of erythrocytes in blood

A

Polycythemia

83
Q

Defect in hemoglobin molecule in the blood, abnormal RBCs

A

Sickle cell disease

84
Q

Abnormally low concentration of platelets in blood

A

Thrombocytopenia

85
Q

Hemopoisesis is the production of

A

Blood cells, occurs in red bone mardie

86
Q

Stem cells are called

A

Hematocytoblasts

87
Q

Hematocytoblasts can produce

A

Myeloid or lymphoid stem cells

88
Q

The lymphoid stem cells give rise to the

A

Three types of lymphocytes, while the myeloid stem cells produce all the other blood cells

89
Q

produced by defense cells to help protect against pathogens

A

Immunoglobulins

90
Q

How many types of white blood cells are there…

A

Neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

Anatomy (25 decks)

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