Exam 4: Blood Vessels Flashcards
Blood vessels consist of
Arteries, veins, and capillaries
Carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Carry blood towards the heart
Veins
The exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products take place at the
Capillaries
Arteries and veins have three layers, what are they?
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
The innermost layer of a blood vessel, composed of endothelium
Tunica intima
The middle layer of the blood vessel
Tunica media
Consists of circular layers of smooth muscle?
Tunica media
The outermost layer of a blood vessel composed of connective tissue for anchoring blood vessels to other structures
Tunica externa
What are the largest arteries
Elastic, or conducting
They have a large amount of elastic fibers throughout all three tunics
Elastic arteries
What layer of tunic has the most elastic fibers
Tunica media
Allow the arteries to stretch when blood is pumped through and then recoil
Elastic fibers
What are some examples of elastic arteries?
Aorta, pulmonary, brachicocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, etc.
Elastic arteries branch into
Muscular arteries
Medium sized arteries that distribute blood to organs and tissues
Muscular arteries
Elastic fibers are distributed in two layers….
Internal and external laminae which “sand which the muscular layer
Less elastic tissue in muscular arteries makes them
Less extensible, but allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Muscular arteries branch into
Arterioles
Smallest of arteries
Arterioles
Larger arterioles have all three tunics, but the smallest arterioles have
Endothelium surrounded by a single layer of smooth muscle
Reduces blood flow into arterioles
Vasoconstriction
Increases blood flow into arterioles
Vasodilation
Smallest of blood vessels
Capillaries
Capillaries are located between the
Arterioles and venules
Slightly larger in diameter than an erythrocytes
Capillaries
Capillaries are composed of
Tunica intima
Allows for diffusion of gases snd nutrients
Capillaries
A capillary bed is fed by a…and drained by a….
Metarteriole; thoroughfare channel
The thoroughfare Chanel connects to a
Post capillary venue
Smallest of veins
Venues
Venules run with the
arterioles
Have a thin layer of smooth muscle, little ability to vasoconstrict
Venules
Merge to form large venules which merge to form
Veins
Small to medium veins run with
Muscular arteries
Large veins run with
Elastic arteries
Low pressure in veins necessitates valves to maintain
one way flow
What is the skeletal muscle pump
Skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation to help move venous blood
In the skeletal muscle pump…. The muscles
Squeeze the Veins, pushing venous blood towards the heart
Inactivity of the skeletal muscle pump results in
Reduced muscle pump and greater risk of clot formation
What doesn’t benefit from a skeletal muscle pump?
Inferior vena cava
Blood flow is assisted by…
Contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm
During inhalation, the diaphragm is
Depressed- results in increased abdominal pressure and decreased thoracic pressure
During inhalation blood is moved from
Abdominal part of the inferior vena cava to the thoracic part
During exhalation the diaphragm is
Elevated- resulting in decreased abdominal pressure and increased thoracic pressure
During exhalation of the diaphragm, blood is moved from the
Thoracic part of the inferior vena cava into the heart
The brachiocephalic artery divides into the
Right common carotid and right subclavian artery
Supply’s blood to head and neck
Common carotid arteries
What artery Supply’s blood to the upper extremities
Brachiocephalic arteries
Common carotid arteries branch into
Internal and external carotid arteries
The internal carotid arteries pass through the
Carotid channels (in floor of the skull), to help supply blood to brain
Supplies blood to the thyroid gland
Superior thyroid artery
Supplies blood to tongue
Lingual artery
Supplies blood to face
Facial artery
Supplies blood to the back of the head
Lesser occipital artery
Supplies blood behind the ear
Posterior auricular artery
Supplies blood to muscles of mastication and teeth
Maxillary artery
Supplies blood to scalp
Superficial temporal artery
Travel over the 1st rib and under clavicle to get to upper extremity
Subclavian arteries