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Anatomy > Exam 4: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Exam 4: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Blood vessels consist of

A

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

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2
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Carry blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

The exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products take place at the

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Arteries and veins have three layers, what are they?

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa
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6
Q

The innermost layer of a blood vessel, composed of endothelium

A

Tunica intima

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7
Q

The middle layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica media

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8
Q

Consists of circular layers of smooth muscle?

A

Tunica media

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9
Q

The outermost layer of a blood vessel composed of connective tissue for anchoring blood vessels to other structures

A

Tunica externa

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10
Q

What are the largest arteries

A

Elastic, or conducting

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11
Q

They have a large amount of elastic fibers throughout all three tunics

A

Elastic arteries

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12
Q

What layer of tunic has the most elastic fibers

A

Tunica media

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13
Q

Allow the arteries to stretch when blood is pumped through and then recoil

A

Elastic fibers

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14
Q

What are some examples of elastic arteries?

A

Aorta, pulmonary, brachicocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, etc.

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15
Q

Elastic arteries branch into

A

Muscular arteries

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16
Q

Medium sized arteries that distribute blood to organs and tissues

A

Muscular arteries

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17
Q

Elastic fibers are distributed in two layers….

A

Internal and external laminae which “sand which the muscular layer

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18
Q

Less elastic tissue in muscular arteries makes them

A

Less extensible, but allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

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19
Q

Muscular arteries branch into

A

Arterioles

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20
Q

Smallest of arteries

A

Arterioles

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21
Q

Larger arterioles have all three tunics, but the smallest arterioles have

A

Endothelium surrounded by a single layer of smooth muscle

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22
Q

Reduces blood flow into arterioles

A

Vasoconstriction

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23
Q

Increases blood flow into arterioles

A

Vasodilation

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24
Q

Smallest of blood vessels

A

Capillaries

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25
Q

Capillaries are located between the

A

Arterioles and venules

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26
Q

Slightly larger in diameter than an erythrocytes

A

Capillaries

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27
Q

Capillaries are composed of

A

Tunica intima

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28
Q

Allows for diffusion of gases snd nutrients

A

Capillaries

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29
Q

A capillary bed is fed by a…and drained by a….

A

Metarteriole; thoroughfare channel

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30
Q

The thoroughfare Chanel connects to a

A

Post capillary venue

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31
Q

Smallest of veins

A

Venues

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32
Q

Venules run with the

A

arterioles

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33
Q

Have a thin layer of smooth muscle, little ability to vasoconstrict

A

Venules

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34
Q

Merge to form large venules which merge to form

A

Veins

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35
Q

Small to medium veins run with

A

Muscular arteries

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36
Q

Large veins run with

A

Elastic arteries

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37
Q

Low pressure in veins necessitates valves to maintain

A

one way flow

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38
Q

What is the skeletal muscle pump

A

Skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation to help move venous blood

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39
Q

In the skeletal muscle pump…. The muscles

A

Squeeze the Veins, pushing venous blood towards the heart

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40
Q

Inactivity of the skeletal muscle pump results in

A

Reduced muscle pump and greater risk of clot formation

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41
Q

What doesn’t benefit from a skeletal muscle pump?

A

Inferior vena cava

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42
Q

Blood flow is assisted by…

A

Contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm

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43
Q

During inhalation, the diaphragm is

A

Depressed- results in increased abdominal pressure and decreased thoracic pressure

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44
Q

During inhalation blood is moved from

A

Abdominal part of the inferior vena cava to the thoracic part

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45
Q

During exhalation the diaphragm is

A

Elevated- resulting in decreased abdominal pressure and increased thoracic pressure

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46
Q

During exhalation of the diaphragm, blood is moved from the

A

Thoracic part of the inferior vena cava into the heart

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47
Q

The brachiocephalic artery divides into the

A

Right common carotid and right subclavian artery

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48
Q

Supply’s blood to head and neck

A

Common carotid arteries

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49
Q

What artery Supply’s blood to the upper extremities

A

Brachiocephalic arteries

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50
Q

Common carotid arteries branch into

A

Internal and external carotid arteries

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51
Q

The internal carotid arteries pass through the

A

Carotid channels (in floor of the skull), to help supply blood to brain

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52
Q

Supplies blood to the thyroid gland

A

Superior thyroid artery

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53
Q

Supplies blood to tongue

A

Lingual artery

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54
Q

Supplies blood to face

A

Facial artery

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55
Q

Supplies blood to the back of the head

A

Lesser occipital artery

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56
Q

Supplies blood behind the ear

A

Posterior auricular artery

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57
Q

Supplies blood to muscles of mastication and teeth

A

Maxillary artery

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58
Q

Supplies blood to scalp

A

Superficial temporal artery

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59
Q

Travel over the 1st rib and under clavicle to get to upper extremity

A

Subclavian arteries

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60
Q

Thyrocervical trunks help

A

Supply blood to thyroid gland and deep neck

61
Q

Internal thoracic arteries descend along the

62
Q

Internal thoracic arteries give rise to

A

Anterior intercostal branches

63
Q

The vertebral arteries travel up the neck through the…

A

Transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae before passing through foramen magnum

64
Q

Internal carotid arteries ascend through

A

Carotid canals to the base of the brain

65
Q

Each internal carotid artery branches into a

A

Middle and anterior cerebral artery

66
Q

The anterior cerebral arteries connect through

A

Anterior communicating artery

67
Q

After the vertebral arteries pass through the foramen magnum, they

A

Unite for form basilar artery

68
Q

Provides branches to brainstem and cerebellum, and then splits into left snd right posterior cerebral arteries

A

Basilar arteries

69
Q

The posterior cerebral arteries connect to the

A

Internal carotid arteries through posterior communicating branches

70
Q

An arterial circle formed by posterior and anterior cerebral, posterior and anterior communicating, and internal carotid arteries

A

Circle of willis

71
Q

To become the axillary artery,

A

subclavian passes the 1st rib

72
Q

Supplies blood to the shoulder and lateral thorax

A

Axillary artery

73
Q

The axillary artery passes the

A

Teres major and enters arm to become the brachial artery

74
Q

The brachial artery descend in the

A

Arm medial to the biceps brachii muscle

75
Q

Artery common used to check blood pressure

76
Q

At the anterior elbow, the brachial artery divides into the

A

Radial snd ulnar arteries

77
Q

The radial and ulnar arteries supply the…

A

Forearm and wrist before joining the palm to form palmar arch

78
Q

The thoracic aorta descends into the

A

Posterior thorax, slightly left of midline

79
Q

The thoracic aorta gives off

A

Posterior intercostal branches

80
Q

The thoracic aorta passes through what to become the abdominal aorta

81
Q

The abdominal aorta descends into the

A

Posterior abdomen, giving of paired and unpaired branches

82
Q

The celiac artery is an _ branch that provides blood to the

A

Unbranched; stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and pancreas

83
Q

The superior mesenteric artery is an _ a branch that supplies the

A

Unpaired; jejunum, ileum, ascending colon and transverse colon

84
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery is an _ branch that supplies the

A

Unpaired; descending colon, sigmoid colon, and upper rectum

85
Q

The renal arteries are _ branches that supply the

A

Paired, kidneys

86
Q

The gonadal arteries are _ branches that supply the

A

Paired, Gonads

87
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta divide into the right and left common iliac arteries

88
Q

An abdominal aortic aneurysm repair involves placing a

A

Graft in place of the defective part of artery

89
Q

The common iliac arteries enter the

A

Pelvis and branch into internal and external iliac arteries

90
Q

The internal iliac arteries supply blood to the

A

Pelvic organs, gluteal region, and external genitalia

91
Q

The external iliac arteries provide an

A

Inferior epicanthic artery

92
Q

Supplies muscles or the anterior thigh and provides a deep branch to posterior thigh

A

Femoral artery

93
Q

The femoral artery passes through what to become the popliteal artery

A

Adductor hiatus, popliteal fossa

94
Q

In the superior aspect of the posterior leg, the pop literal artery gives rise to the

A

Anterior and posterior tibial artery, and fibular artery

95
Q

The anterior tibial artery supplies blood to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the

96
Q

The posterior tibial artery supplies blood to the muscles of the posterior compartment of the

A

Leg and plantar foot

97
Q

The fibular artery supplies blood to the

A

Lateral compartment of leg

98
Q

What artery is often used to access the heart

A

Femoral artery

99
Q

Two brachiocephalic veins join to form the

A

Superior vena cava

100
Q

Each brachiocephalic vein receives

A

Deoxygenated blood from head and upper extremities by internal jugular and subclavian vein

101
Q

Located deep to the sternocleomastoid muscle

A

Internal jugular vein

102
Q

Receives most of the blood from the brain, orbit, face, tongue, and thyroid gland

A

Internal jugular vein

103
Q

Located superficial to sternocleomastoid

A

External jugular vein

104
Q

Helps to remove blood from neck and tissue

A

External jugular vein

105
Q

The subclavian vein travels with the

A

Subclavian artery behind clavicle

106
Q

Axillary vein receives blood from the

A

Shoulder, lateral thoracic wall, and upper extremity

107
Q

Deeps veins of the upper extremities are paired with

A

Radial and ulnar veins that run with their arteries

108
Q

The radial and ulnar veins drain blood from the

A

Forearm and hand

109
Q

The radial and ulnar veins empty into

A

Paired brachial veins

110
Q

The brachial veins which drain blood from the ___; empty into the

A

Arm; axillary vein

111
Q

Superficial veins of the upper extremities are also called

A

Cutaneous veins

112
Q

The cephalon vein runs along the ___ ; and empties into the

A

Lateral forearm, subclavian vein

113
Q

The basilic veins run along the ___ ; and drains into the

A

Medial forearm and arm, axillary vein

114
Q

The median cubital vein runs between the

A

Cephalon and basilic veins

115
Q

The median cubital vein is a common site for

A

Veni puncture

116
Q

Located in the right side of the posterior thorax, receives blood directly from the intercostal veins on right and indirectly from the intercostal veins on left

A

Azygous vein

117
Q

The intercostal veins on the left empty into either the

A

Hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos vein

118
Q

The hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos vein crosses

A

Right to empty into azygos

119
Q

The inferior vena cava receives blood from the

A

Liver, kidneys, gonads, pelvic organs, external genitalia, and lower extremities

120
Q

The inferior vena cava doesn’t drain blood directly from the

A

Digestive tract

121
Q

What veins drain blood into the inferior vena cava

A

Renal veins

122
Q

The right gonadal vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava but the left renal vein drains into the

A

Left renal vein

123
Q

The inferior vena cava divides into

A

Right and left common iliac veins

124
Q

External iliac veins receive blood from the

A

Lower extremity via femoral vein

125
Q

The internal iliac vein receives blood from the

A

Pelvic organs, external genitalia, and gluteal muscles

126
Q

The posterior tibial veins drain blood from the

A

Door and posterior compartment of leg

127
Q

The anterior tibial veins drain blood from the

A

Anterior compartment of leg

128
Q

The fibular veins drain blood from

A

Lateral compartment of leg

129
Q

The anterior and posterior tibial and the fibular veins drain into the

A

Popliteal vein at posterior knee

130
Q

The popliteal vein passes from posterior to anterior through

A

Abductor hiatus to the anterior thigh as the femoral vein

131
Q

The femoral vein collects blood from the

A

Anterior thigh and from posterior thigh through deep femoral vein

132
Q

Once the femoral vein passes into the pelvis, it changes name to

A

External iliac vein

133
Q

The great saphenous vein travels along the

A

Medial leg and thigh

134
Q

The great saphenous vein collects most of superficial blood of the ___ and drains into the ___

A

Lower extremity, femoral vein in upper thigh

135
Q

The small saphenous vein courses along the

A

Posterior leg

136
Q

The small saphenous vein helps collect superficial blood of the __ and empties into the ___

A

Leg, popliteal vein

137
Q

Dilated superficial veins due to faulty valves

A

Varicose veins

138
Q

The hepatic portal vein receives blood from the

A

Digestive tract and accessory digestive organs; superior and inferior mesecenic veins, splenic veins

139
Q

What vein is associated with blood filtration by liver

A

Hepatic portal vein

140
Q

The blood collected by the hepatic portal vein contains

A

Nutrients for body and harmful agents that need to be filtered

141
Q

The hepatic portal vein enters the liver snd branches into a

A

Network of small vessels for filtration

142
Q

Once blood is filtered by the liver, it’s sent to hepatic veins for

A

Drainage into inferior vena cava

143
Q

Structures that empty directly into inferior vena cava

A

Caval venous drainage

144
Q

Structures that empty into the hepatic portal vein are said to have

A

Portal venous drainage

145
Q

Simple squamous epithelium and thin layer of CT

A

Endothelium

146
Q

What divides into diaphragm and upper abdominal wall arteries

A

Internal thoracic veins

147
Q

The external iliac arteries leave the

A

pelvis and enter the upper thigh as femoral arteries

148
Q

Compartment syndrome involves

A

Deep fibular nerve and anterior tibial artery

Anatomy (25 decks)

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