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Anatomy > Exam 4: Revised Respiratory System > Flashcards

Exam 4: Revised Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic wall is a boney framework made up of

A

Ribs that articulate with vertebra (posteriorly) and sternum (anteriorly)

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2
Q

Openings at the superior and inferior end of the thoracic wall

A

Apertures

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3
Q

What is significant about the inferior opening

A

It is covered completely by respiratory diaphragm, results in respiration

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4
Q

What type of epithelium would we find in the nasal vestibule

A

Stratified squamous

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5
Q

What is the location of the nasal conchae

A

Lateral walls of nasal cavity

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6
Q

Function of the nasal conchae

A

Increase SA of nasal cavity and create turbulence that retains air in cavity

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7
Q

Paranasal sinus functions

A

Lighten skull, tone voice, maintains moisture in cavity, and protect vital face structures

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8
Q

Identify drainage of paranasal sinuses into the nasal cavity

A

Drain into nasal cavity by nasal meatuses, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid drain into nasal cavity under superior/middle conchae.

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9
Q

Nasal septum is made from fusion of which bones

A

Ethmoid and vomer bone

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10
Q

Epithelium within nasal vestibule

A

Stratified squamous

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11
Q

Epithelium within nasal cavity

A

Respiratory epithelium

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12
Q

Respiratory epithelium is composed of

A

Pseudo stratified, ciliated columnar with goblet cells

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13
Q

Function of cilia

A

Clear foreign particles from respiratory tract

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14
Q

Goblet cells function

A

Mucus production

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15
Q

Function of olfactory epithelium

A

Sense of smell

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16
Q

Three structures within olfactory epithelium that contribute to sense of smell

A

Olfactory receptor cells, olfactory glands, olfactory bulb

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17
Q

Respiratory mucosa function and parts

A

Protectant/secretant

Respiratory epithelium, thick basement membrane, and seromucus glands in lamina propria

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18
Q

Function of sero mucosal glands

A

Produce serious fluid and mucus

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19
Q

Air or food pathway for larynx parts

A

Nasopharynx is air, oropharynx and laryngopharynx are food and air

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20
Q

Epithelium is nasopharynx

A

Respiratory

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21
Q

Boundaries of nasopharynx

A

Extends from internal nares to soft palate (contains tonsils and uvula)

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22
Q

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

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23
Q

Boundaries of oropharynx

A

Soft palate to hyoid bone, palatine and lingual tonsils included

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24
Q

Boundaries of laryngopharynx

A

Hyoid bone to inferior border of cricoid cartilage, opening to larynx and esophagus

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25
Q

Specific functions of larynx

A

Sound production

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26
Q

Protects posterior larynx side by wrapping around, ringlike, inferior to thyroid cartilage with inferior horns

A

Cricoid cartilage

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27
Q

The epiglottis is attached to

A

Cricoid cartilage

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28
Q

Directs food into esophagus by closing laryngeal inlet during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

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29
Q

Function of vocal fold

A

Primary source of sound production, vibrate and air passes through.

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30
Q

Forms Adam’s apple, large C shaped, covers only __ side of larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage, anterior

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31
Q

Anterior attachment of vocal ligaments

A

Thyroid cartilage

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32
Q

Posterior attachment of vocal ligaments

A

Artynenoid cartilage

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33
Q

Epithelium in trachea

A

Respiratory epithelium

34
Q

What structure is unique to trachea and where is it located

A

C shaped rings support trachea, flexible tube extends inferiorly from larynx to lungs

35
Q

Significance of smooth muscle in the trachea

A

Allows esophagus to slightly bulge into the lumen of the trachea when swallowing, constricts airway if somethings stuck

36
Q

Trachea and primary bronchi characteristics

A

Cartilaginous rings support, trachea bifureates unevenly—right bronchus enters lungs more vertically and wider than left bronchus

37
Q

Material in bronchi or trachea more likely to become lodged on

A

Right side

38
Q

In the secondary bronchi,

A

Present with a reduction in cartilage because smaller sized, cartilaginous plates

39
Q

Why are the lungs asymmetrical

A

Right lung doesn’t have heart on its side, forms middle lobe.

Left lung has cardiac impression on medial surface and lingula because of heart

40
Q

Cardiac notch on left lung is on the

A

Anterior border

41
Q

Pulmonary arteries are what kind of structures

A

Superior structures

42
Q

Pulmonary veins are what kind of structures

A

Inferior

43
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

A

Arteries

44
Q

Exit lungs and carry oxygenated blood to left atrium

A

Veins

45
Q

Why is cartilage present on bronchi

A

Hyaline cartilage is present to support bronchi and keep airway open so bronchi doesn’t collapse

46
Q

Epithelium that lines the alveolar duct and why

A

Simple squamous because gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries

47
Q

Terminal clusters of alveoli

A

Alveolar sac

48
Q

Communication between multiple alveoli and collateral ventilation

A

Alveolar pore

49
Q

Type 1 pneumocytes

A

Simple squamous cell, promotes rapid gas diffusion across wall

50
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes

A

Produce surfactant, function as stem cell, reduce tension and prevent alveoli collapse

51
Q

Dust cells

A

Keep alveoli clean and remove foreign cells, migratory (macrophage)

52
Q

The blood air barrier is formed by

A

Pulmonary capillaries and alveoli, 2 simple squamous layers and fused basement membrane

53
Q

Parietal and visceral pleura are connected by

A

Serious fluid

54
Q

Parietal pleura attaches

A

Lining thoracic cavity, chest to wall

55
Q

Visceral pleura covers the

A

Lungs

56
Q

Diaphragm role in quiet respiration

A

External intercostals and diaphragm alternately contracts and relax

57
Q

Effect of contraction on external intercostals on thoracic cavity

A

Alternatively increase and decrease volume

58
Q

Muscles in forced inhalation

A

Pectoralis minor and serratus posterior superior = superior to thoracic cavity

59
Q

Muscles and location of forces exhalation

A

Serratus posterior inferior, abdominals, and internal intercostals= inferior to thoracic cavity

60
Q

Diaphragm innervates by

A

Phrenic nerve (somatic)

61
Q

Intercostal muscles innervated by

A

Intercostal nerves that lie in intercostal spaces

62
Q

What’s the respiratory center

A

Gathers info from stretch receptors in lungs and chemoreceptors in arteries

63
Q

The function of respiratory center

A

Sets baseline rate needed to maintain oxygen during rest

64
Q

Respiratory center found in

A

Medulla

65
Q

What are mechanoreceptors

A

Stretch receptors in lungs

66
Q

Where are mechanoreceptors found

A

Smooth muscle, respond to excessive stretching in lung

67
Q

How do the mechanoreceptors respond to large inspirations?

A

Stop inhalation, initiates exhalation

68
Q

What are the chemoreceptors?

A

Sense changes in blood oxygen and co2 levels= trigger inhalation

69
Q

Where are the chemoreceptors found.

A

Aortic and carotid bodies

70
Q

Which cranial nerves transmit information from the carotid bodies?
From the aortic bodies?

A 
Carotid= CN IX glossopharyngeal 
Aortic= CN X vagus
71
Q

Order of bronchus distribution

A

Primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, bronchioles (no cartilage) , and terminal bronchioles

72
Q

Sympathetic ANS stimulation

A

Bronchodilation

73
Q

Parasympathetic ANS

A

Bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion

74
Q

Epithelium found in terminal bronchioles and bronchioles

A

Respiratory

75
Q

Vocal ligaments originate on the

A

Thyroid cartilage and insert onto artyenoid cartilage

76
Q

The posterior cricoartyenoid muscle extends from the and functions

A

Cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage, abducts vocal ligaments

77
Q

Abducting vocal ligaments moves the vocal ligaments

A

Father apart

78
Q

The arytenoid muscles will insert on each of the __ and when contracted will ___

A

Arytenoid cartilages, adduct or pull aryenoid cartilages together

79
Q

Membrane that extends from cricoid cartilage to vocal ligaments

A

Conus elasticus

80
Q

Function of Conus elasticus

A

Forces air through the space between the vocal ligaments

81
Q

Space between vocal ligaments

A

Rima glottidis

82
Q

As muscles move the vocal ligaments the rima glottidis…

A

Changes shape, changing sound air as it passes

Anatomy (25 decks)

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