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Anatomy > Exam 4: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Exam 4: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Bony framework consisting of the ribs that articulate with the vertebra on the __ side and the sternum on the __ side.

A

Thoracic wall, posterior, anterior

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2
Q

Inferior thoracic aperture is covered completely by the

A

respiratory diaphragm, resulting in respiration

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3
Q

Within the thoracic wall, the pleural cavity contains the

A

Lungs, heart and pericardium

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4
Q

Main function of respiratory system

A

Gas exchange

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5
Q

Four functions of respiratory system

A

Gas exchange, air conditioning, sound production, and olfaction

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6
Q

Respiratory system brings oxygen to the body by bloodstream, while simultaneously removing CO2

A

Gas exchange

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7
Q

The respiratory system adds warmth and moisture to air we breathe in

A

Air conditioning

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8
Q

produces sound for speaking when air passes through during exhalation

A

Larynx

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9
Q

Specialized tissue where carry information regarding smell

A

Nasal cavity

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10
Q

Protects the fragile respiratory lining from drying out and traps dirt particles

A

Mucous

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11
Q

What monitors the air we breathe for unwanted particles

A

Lymphoid tissues and respiratory tract

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12
Q

What is in the upper respiratory tract

A

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

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13
Q

What is in the lower respiratory tract

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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14
Q

Main conducting zone for inhaled air

A

Nose

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15
Q

In the nose, air passes through the _ and enters the __

A

External nares, nasal vestibule

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16
Q

What is the 1st line of defense

A

Nasal vestibule

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17
Q

The nasal vestibule is lined with

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

Doorway into nasal cavity that has little hairs to filter air

A

Nasal vestibule

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19
Q

The nasal cavity is bound and surrounded by

A

Craniofacial bones divided by the nasal septum

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20
Q

The nasal septum is constructed of

A

Cartilage and bone

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21
Q

The posterior region of the nasal septum is a

A

Thin sheet of bone formed when perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer bone fuse

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22
Q

The anterior region of the nasal septum is made of

A

Septal cartilage

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23
Q

On lateral walls of nasal cavity, projections

A

Concha

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24
Q

The supper and middle concha are part of the

A

Ethmoid bone

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25
Q

The inferior nasal concha is considered a

A

Separate bone

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26
Q

Under each concha is a groove called the

A

Meatus

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27
Q

Function of conchae and meatuses

A

Increase SA of nasal cavity and create turbulence that retains air in cavity

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28
Q

Sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity by __ and are lined with

A

Ducts, epithelium that produces mucus

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29
Q

Functions of paranasal sinuses

A

Lighten skull, tone voice, maintains moisture in cavity, and protect vital structures of face

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30
Q

Outgrowths of nasal cavity form

A

Paranasal sinuses

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31
Q

Paranasal sinuses drain fluid and mucus into the

A

Nasal cavity by nasal meatuses

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32
Q

Tears drain into nasal cavity from the

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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33
Q

What sinuses drain into nasal cavity under the superior and middle conchae

A

Maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses

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34
Q

The nasal cavity has a what tissue

A

Respiratory epithelium

35
Q

The respiratory epithelium is made up of

A

Pseudo stratified, ciliated columnar cells with goblet cells

36
Q

The respiratory epithelium in nasal cavity function

A

Moisten and protect airway

37
Q

What cells are crucial for mucus production

A

Goblet

38
Q

Foreign particles are cleared from respiratory tract through

A

Cilia

39
Q

Respiratory system is lined with

A

Mucus membrane

40
Q

Serious fluid contains

A

Lysosomes for additional defense

41
Q

Mucus membrane acts as a

A

Protectant and secretant

42
Q

The mucus membrane is made up of….

A
  1. Respiratory epithelium
  2. Thick basement membrane
  3. Seromucus glands in lamina propria
43
Q

Sense of smell is maintained through the

A

Olfactory epithelium, contains olfactory receptor cells

44
Q

The olfactory bulb gives off olfactory nerve fibers that extend through the

A

Cribriform plate and into olfactory epithelium

45
Q

Helps bind odor molecules which are dissolved in mucus

A

Olfactory glands

46
Q

The pharynx begins where air exits the

A

Nasal cavity

47
Q

The pharynx is lined by a ? And divided into three regions

A

Mucosa; nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

48
Q

Only air flows through what part of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx

49
Q

What epithelium is in the nasopharynx

A

Respiratory epithelium

50
Q

The nasopharynx ends from the __ and contains

A

Internal nares to (uvula) soft palate, contains Eustachian tube and pharyngeal tonsils

51
Q

Equalize pressure between middle ear snd atmosphere allowing air to escape through nasopharynx

A

Eustachian tube

52
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils are referred to as

A

Adenoids

53
Q

Monitor the incoming air for microorganisms snd initiates an immune response if necessary

A

Adenoids, pharyngeal tonsils

54
Q

Type of tissue in oropharynx

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

55
Q

What parts of the pharynx are pathways of food and air

A

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

56
Q

Laryngopharynx contains what tissue

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

57
Q

The oropharynx ends at the

A

Hyoid bone

58
Q

Oropharynx contains what structures

A

Palatine and lingual tonsils

59
Q

Palatine and lingual tonsils function

A

Monitor food we eat, may initiate immune response

60
Q

Narrowed region of the pharynx that extends from the hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage

A

Laryngopharynx

61
Q

Food entering mouth goes through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx before entering the

A

Esophagus

62
Q

Air entering the nose travels through the nasopharynx and oropharynx before entering the

A

Larynx

63
Q

When food or air pass through oropharynx it must either be directed

A

Anteriorly into larynx or posteriorly into laryngopharynx and esophagus

64
Q

When we breathe in, muscles open the __ so air can pass through it and into the __

A

Larynx, trachea

65
Q

Assists in directing food into the esophagus by closing the laryngeal inlet during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

66
Q

Larynx contains the

A

Vocal cords

67
Q

larynx leads directly into

A

Trachea and lungs

68
Q

Structural framework of larynx includes what cartilages

A

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, epiglottis, and corniculate

69
Q

Leaf like cartilage

A

Epligottis

70
Q

C shaped, covering anterior aspect of larynx and open on posterior side, form Adam’s apple on larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage

71
Q

Anterior orgin of vocal cords

A

Thyroid cartilage

72
Q

Ring like cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage, increases in height as it wraps around to protect larynx

A

Cricoid cartilage

73
Q

Paired pyramidal cartilages that sit on top at posterior cricoid cartilage

A

Arytenoid cartilage

74
Q

Posterior insertion of vocal cords

A

Arytenoid cartilages

75
Q

Each arytenoid cartilage has an

A

Apex, muscular and vocal process

76
Q

Small pieces of cartilage that are fused to apicies of the arytenoid cartilages

A

Corniculate cartilages

77
Q

Cartilages of the larynx allow for

A

Insertion of intrinsic muscles that assist in sound production

78
Q

Muscles of the larynx are responsible for the

A

movement of the cartilages and production of sound

79
Q

Two muscles of larynx and function

A

Transverse arytenoid muscle= adduction—speaking and swallowing
Posterior cricoartytenoid muscle= abduction rima glottidis

80
Q

Sound production originates as the vocal folds are adducted and abducted, occurs when an intrinsic laryngeal muscle narrow the opening of the

A

Rima glottidis

81
Q

Membrane that extends from vocal ligaments to cricoid cartilage

A

Conus elasticus

82
Q

Rima glottidis becomes narrower as vocal folds __, and widen as vocal folds are __

A

Adducted, abducted

83
Q

Forces air through rima glottis

A

Conus elasticus

84
Q

Pathway of air through nasal cavity….

A
  1. External nares
  2. Nasal vestibule
  3. Nasal cavity
  4. Around nasal conchae
  5. Nasal meatuses to become humidified and warmed up

Anatomy (25 decks)

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