Exam 4: Respiratory System Flashcards by Mia Sassano

Bony framework consisting of the ribs that articulate with the vertebra on the __ side and the sternum on the __ side.

Thoracic wall, posterior, anterior

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Inferior thoracic aperture is covered completely by the

respiratory diaphragm, resulting in respiration

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Within the thoracic wall, the pleural cavity contains the

Lungs, heart and pericardium

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Main function of respiratory system

Gas exchange

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Four functions of respiratory system

Gas exchange, air conditioning, sound production, and olfaction

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Respiratory system brings oxygen to the body by bloodstream, while simultaneously removing CO2

Gas exchange

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The respiratory system adds warmth and moisture to air we breathe in

Air conditioning

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produces sound for speaking when air passes through during exhalation

Larynx

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Specialized tissue where carry information regarding smell

Nasal cavity

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Protects the fragile respiratory lining from drying out and traps dirt particles

Mucous

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What monitors the air we breathe for unwanted particles

Lymphoid tissues and respiratory tract

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What is in the upper respiratory tract

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

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What is in the lower respiratory tract

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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Main conducting zone for inhaled air

Nose

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In the nose, air passes through the _ and enters the __

External nares, nasal vestibule

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What is the 1st line of defense

Nasal vestibule

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The nasal vestibule is lined with

Stratified squamous epithelium

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Doorway into nasal cavity that has little hairs to filter air

Nasal vestibule

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The nasal cavity is bound and surrounded by

Craniofacial bones divided by the nasal septum

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The nasal septum is constructed of

Cartilage and bone

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The posterior region of the nasal septum is a

Thin sheet of bone formed when perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer bone fuse

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The anterior region of the nasal septum is made of

Septal cartilage

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On lateral walls of nasal cavity, projections

Concha

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The supper and middle concha are part of the

Ethmoid bone

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The inferior nasal concha is considered a

Separate bone

Under each concha is a groove called the

Meatus

Function of conchae and meatuses

Increase SA of nasal cavity and create turbulence that retains air in cavity

Sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity by __ and are lined with

Ducts, epithelium that produces mucus

Functions of paranasal sinuses

Lighten skull, tone voice, maintains moisture in cavity, and protect vital structures of face

Outgrowths of nasal cavity form

Paranasal sinuses

Paranasal sinuses drain fluid and mucus into the

Nasal cavity by nasal meatuses

Tears drain into nasal cavity from the

Nasolacrimal duct

What sinuses drain into nasal cavity under the superior and middle conchae

Maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses

The nasal cavity has a what tissue

Respiratory epithelium

The respiratory epithelium is made up of

Pseudo stratified, ciliated columnar cells with goblet cells

The respiratory epithelium in nasal cavity function

Moisten and protect airway

What cells are crucial for mucus production

Goblet

Foreign particles are cleared from respiratory tract through

Cilia

Respiratory system is lined with

Mucus membrane

Serious fluid contains

Lysosomes for additional defense

Mucus membrane acts as a

Protectant and secretant

The mucus membrane is made up of….

1. Respiratory epithelium 2. Thick basement membrane 3. Seromucus glands in lamina propria

Sense of smell is maintained through the

Olfactory epithelium, contains olfactory receptor cells

The olfactory bulb gives off olfactory nerve fibers that extend through the

Cribriform plate and into olfactory epithelium

Helps bind odor molecules which are dissolved in mucus

Olfactory glands

The pharynx begins where air exits the

Nasal cavity

The pharynx is lined by a ? And divided into three regions

Mucosa; nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Only air flows through what part of pharynx

Nasopharynx

What epithelium is in the nasopharynx

Respiratory epithelium

The nasopharynx ends from the __ and contains

Internal nares to (uvula) soft palate, contains Eustachian tube and pharyngeal tonsils

Equalize pressure between middle ear snd atmosphere allowing air to escape through nasopharynx

Eustachian tube

Pharyngeal tonsils are referred to as

Adenoids

Monitor the incoming air for microorganisms snd initiates an immune response if necessary

Adenoids, pharyngeal tonsils

Type of tissue in oropharynx

Stratified squamous epithelium

What parts of the pharynx are pathways of food and air

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Laryngopharynx contains what tissue

Stratified squamous epithelium

The oropharynx ends at the

Hyoid bone

Oropharynx contains what structures

Palatine and lingual tonsils

Palatine and lingual tonsils function

Monitor food we eat, may initiate immune response

Narrowed region of the pharynx that extends from the hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage

Laryngopharynx

Food entering mouth goes through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx before entering the

Esophagus

Air entering the nose travels through the nasopharynx and oropharynx before entering the

Larynx

When food or air pass through oropharynx it must either be directed

Anteriorly into larynx or posteriorly into laryngopharynx and esophagus

When we breathe in, muscles open the __ so air can pass through it and into the __

Larynx, trachea

Assists in directing food into the esophagus by closing the laryngeal inlet during swallowing

Epiglottis

Larynx contains the

Vocal cords

larynx leads directly into

Trachea and lungs

Structural framework of larynx includes what cartilages

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, epiglottis, and corniculate

Leaf like cartilage

Epligottis

C shaped, covering anterior aspect of larynx and open on posterior side, form Adam’s apple on larynx

Thyroid cartilage

Anterior orgin of vocal cords

Thyroid cartilage

Ring like cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage, increases in height as it wraps around to protect larynx

Cricoid cartilage

Paired pyramidal cartilages that sit on top at posterior cricoid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

Posterior insertion of vocal cords

Arytenoid cartilages

Each arytenoid cartilage has an

Apex, muscular and vocal process

Small pieces of cartilage that are fused to apicies of the arytenoid cartilages

Corniculate cartilages

Cartilages of the larynx allow for

Insertion of intrinsic muscles that assist in sound production

Muscles of the larynx are responsible for the

movement of the cartilages and production of sound

Two muscles of larynx and function

Transverse arytenoid muscle= adduction—speaking and swallowing Posterior cricoartytenoid muscle= abduction rima glottidis

Sound production originates as the vocal folds are adducted and abducted, occurs when an intrinsic laryngeal muscle narrow the opening of the

Rima glottidis

Membrane that extends from vocal ligaments to cricoid cartilage

Conus elasticus

Rima glottidis becomes narrower as vocal folds __, and widen as vocal folds are __

Adducted, abducted

Forces air through rima glottis

Conus elasticus

Pathway of air through nasal cavity….

1. External nares 2. Nasal vestibule 3. Nasal cavity 4. Around nasal conchae 5. Nasal meatuses to become humidified and warmed up