Exam 4: Respiratory System Flashcards
Bony framework consisting of the ribs that articulate with the vertebra on the __ side and the sternum on the __ side.
Thoracic wall, posterior, anterior
Inferior thoracic aperture is covered completely by the
respiratory diaphragm, resulting in respiration
Within the thoracic wall, the pleural cavity contains the
Lungs, heart and pericardium
Main function of respiratory system
Gas exchange
Four functions of respiratory system
Gas exchange, air conditioning, sound production, and olfaction
Respiratory system brings oxygen to the body by bloodstream, while simultaneously removing CO2
Gas exchange
The respiratory system adds warmth and moisture to air we breathe in
Air conditioning
produces sound for speaking when air passes through during exhalation
Larynx
Specialized tissue where carry information regarding smell
Nasal cavity
Protects the fragile respiratory lining from drying out and traps dirt particles
Mucous
What monitors the air we breathe for unwanted particles
Lymphoid tissues and respiratory tract
What is in the upper respiratory tract
Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
What is in the lower respiratory tract
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Main conducting zone for inhaled air
Nose
In the nose, air passes through the _ and enters the __
External nares, nasal vestibule
What is the 1st line of defense
Nasal vestibule
The nasal vestibule is lined with
Stratified squamous epithelium
Doorway into nasal cavity that has little hairs to filter air
Nasal vestibule
The nasal cavity is bound and surrounded by
Craniofacial bones divided by the nasal septum
The nasal septum is constructed of
Cartilage and bone
The posterior region of the nasal septum is a
Thin sheet of bone formed when perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer bone fuse
The anterior region of the nasal septum is made of
Septal cartilage
On lateral walls of nasal cavity, projections
Concha
The supper and middle concha are part of the
Ethmoid bone
The inferior nasal concha is considered a
Separate bone
Under each concha is a groove called the
Meatus
Function of conchae and meatuses
Increase SA of nasal cavity and create turbulence that retains air in cavity
Sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity by __ and are lined with
Ducts, epithelium that produces mucus
Functions of paranasal sinuses
Lighten skull, tone voice, maintains moisture in cavity, and protect vital structures of face
Outgrowths of nasal cavity form
Paranasal sinuses
Paranasal sinuses drain fluid and mucus into the
Nasal cavity by nasal meatuses
Tears drain into nasal cavity from the
Nasolacrimal duct
What sinuses drain into nasal cavity under the superior and middle conchae
Maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses
The nasal cavity has a what tissue
Respiratory epithelium
The respiratory epithelium is made up of
Pseudo stratified, ciliated columnar cells with goblet cells
The respiratory epithelium in nasal cavity function
Moisten and protect airway
What cells are crucial for mucus production
Goblet
Foreign particles are cleared from respiratory tract through
Cilia
Respiratory system is lined with
Mucus membrane
Serious fluid contains
Lysosomes for additional defense
Mucus membrane acts as a
Protectant and secretant
The mucus membrane is made up of….
- Respiratory epithelium
- Thick basement membrane
- Seromucus glands in lamina propria
Sense of smell is maintained through the
Olfactory epithelium, contains olfactory receptor cells
The olfactory bulb gives off olfactory nerve fibers that extend through the
Cribriform plate and into olfactory epithelium
Helps bind odor molecules which are dissolved in mucus
Olfactory glands
The pharynx begins where air exits the
Nasal cavity
The pharynx is lined by a ? And divided into three regions
Mucosa; nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Only air flows through what part of pharynx
Nasopharynx
What epithelium is in the nasopharynx
Respiratory epithelium
The nasopharynx ends from the __ and contains
Internal nares to (uvula) soft palate, contains Eustachian tube and pharyngeal tonsils
Equalize pressure between middle ear snd atmosphere allowing air to escape through nasopharynx
Eustachian tube
Pharyngeal tonsils are referred to as
Adenoids
Monitor the incoming air for microorganisms snd initiates an immune response if necessary
Adenoids, pharyngeal tonsils
Type of tissue in oropharynx
Stratified squamous epithelium
What parts of the pharynx are pathways of food and air
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Laryngopharynx contains what tissue
Stratified squamous epithelium
The oropharynx ends at the
Hyoid bone
Oropharynx contains what structures
Palatine and lingual tonsils
Palatine and lingual tonsils function
Monitor food we eat, may initiate immune response
Narrowed region of the pharynx that extends from the hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage
Laryngopharynx
Food entering mouth goes through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx before entering the
Esophagus
Air entering the nose travels through the nasopharynx and oropharynx before entering the
Larynx
When food or air pass through oropharynx it must either be directed
Anteriorly into larynx or posteriorly into laryngopharynx and esophagus
When we breathe in, muscles open the __ so air can pass through it and into the __
Larynx, trachea
Assists in directing food into the esophagus by closing the laryngeal inlet during swallowing
Epiglottis
Larynx contains the
Vocal cords
larynx leads directly into
Trachea and lungs
Structural framework of larynx includes what cartilages
Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, epiglottis, and corniculate
Leaf like cartilage
Epligottis
C shaped, covering anterior aspect of larynx and open on posterior side, form Adam’s apple on larynx
Thyroid cartilage
Anterior orgin of vocal cords
Thyroid cartilage
Ring like cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage, increases in height as it wraps around to protect larynx
Cricoid cartilage
Paired pyramidal cartilages that sit on top at posterior cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Posterior insertion of vocal cords
Arytenoid cartilages
Each arytenoid cartilage has an
Apex, muscular and vocal process
Small pieces of cartilage that are fused to apicies of the arytenoid cartilages
Corniculate cartilages
Cartilages of the larynx allow for
Insertion of intrinsic muscles that assist in sound production
Muscles of the larynx are responsible for the
movement of the cartilages and production of sound
Two muscles of larynx and function
Transverse arytenoid muscle= adduction—speaking and swallowing
Posterior cricoartytenoid muscle= abduction rima glottidis
Sound production originates as the vocal folds are adducted and abducted, occurs when an intrinsic laryngeal muscle narrow the opening of the
Rima glottidis
Membrane that extends from vocal ligaments to cricoid cartilage
Conus elasticus
Rima glottidis becomes narrower as vocal folds __, and widen as vocal folds are __
Adducted, abducted
Forces air through rima glottis
Conus elasticus
Pathway of air through nasal cavity….
- External nares
- Nasal vestibule
- Nasal cavity
- Around nasal conchae
- Nasal meatuses to become humidified and warmed up
