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Anatomy > Exam:4 Lymphatics > Flashcards

Exam:4 Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

Provides defense mechanisms that guards against invasion from foreign substances

A

Lymphatic system

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2
Q

The lymphatic system includes

A

organs, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes.

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3
Q

What end of the capillaries have blood pressure that forces fluid from blood to interstitial spaces

A

Arterial ends

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4
Q

Most of the interstitial fluid is reabsorbed at the

A

Venous end of capillaries

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5
Q

Approximately how much fluid doesn’t make its way back into venous return

A

3 liters of fluid per day

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6
Q

Reabsorb excess fluid and return it to the venous circulation

A

Lymph vessels

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7
Q

Poor reabsorption of fluid is called

A

Edema

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8
Q

Lymph vessels are around the

A

GI tract

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9
Q

Lymph vessels also

A

Transport dietary lipids called lacteals

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10
Q

What traps fluid in a one way valve system formed by _ ?

A

Lymphatic capillaries, overlapping cells

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11
Q

Lymphatic capillaries merge to form

A

Lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

What is similar to veins

A

Lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

Lymphatic vessels characteristics

A

3 tunics and valves

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14
Q

_ bring lymph to a node and __ carry it away

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels, efferent vessels

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15
Q

Lymph includes

A

Interstitial fluid and solutes which enter lymph vessels

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16
Q

Delivers blood to capillary bed

A

Arteriole

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17
Q

Order of lymph

A

Vessels to trunks to ducts

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18
Q

Lymphatic trunks form from merging

A

Lymphatic vessels

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19
Q

Lymphatic trunk function

A

Drain lymph from major body regions

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20
Q

Jugular trunk drains lymph from

A

Head and neck

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21
Q

Subclavian trunks drain lymph from

A

Upper extremities, breasts, thoracic wall

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22
Q

Bronchomediastinal trunks drain lymph from

A

Deep thoracic structures

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23
Q

Intestinal trunks drain most of the

A

Abdominal structures

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24
Q

Lumbar trunk drains lymph from

A

Lower extremities and pelvis

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25
Q

Largest of lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphatic ducts

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26
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from

A

Right upper extremity and right side of head, neck, and thorax

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27
Q

The thoracic duct drains lymph from

A

Everywhere but right upper extremity, neck, head, and thorax

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28
Q

The right lymphatic duct empties at the

A

Junction of the right subclavian vein and right internal jugular vein

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29
Q

Thoracic duct empties at the

A

Junction of the left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein

30
Q

__ Receives a milky lymphatic fluid (chyle) from the _ and is continuous superiority with the _

A

Cysterna chyli ; small intestine; thoracic duct

31
Q

Lymphatic cells are located in the

A

Cardiovascular and lymphatic system

32
Q

Lymphatic cells include

A

Macrophages and lymphocytes (agranulocytes) and dendritic cells

33
Q

What are macrophages

A

Monocytes that have migrated into Lymphatic system from bloodstream

34
Q

Function of macrophages

A

Responsible for phagocytosis of foreign substances

35
Q

Dendritic cells are located in

A

Lymphatic nodules

36
Q

Function of dendritic cells

A

Antigen presenting cells

37
Q

Most abundant of cells in lymphatic system

A

Lymphocytes

38
Q

T lymphocytes account for

A

70-85% of all lymphocytes

39
Q

Main types of T lymphocytes are

A

Helper, cytotoxic, and memory

40
Q

Helper t lymphocytes characteristics

A

Recognize 1 specific type of invader, begin a defense against antigen, activated by antigen

41
Q

Helper t lymphocytes go through __ and release ?

A

Mitosis, cytokines

42
Q

Cytotoxic t lymphocytes function

A

Come in contact with foreign cells and kills them, right away

43
Q

Memory t lymphocytes arise from

A

T lymphocytes that have encountered a foreign anitigen

44
Q

Gives rise to plasma cells

A

Memory t lymphocytes

45
Q

Plasma cell functions

A

Secrete antibodies that immobilize antigen

46
Q

Memory b lymphocytes protect against

A

Further attacks by same antigen

47
Q

Account for 15-30% of all lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes

48
Q

B lymphocytes are activated by

A

Helper t lymphocytes

49
Q

B lymphocytes divide and differentiate into

A

Plasma cells and memory B lymphocytes

50
Q

Plasma cells secrete

A

immunoglobulins which attach to antigen

51
Q

NK cells can kill

A

A wide variety of infected cells including tumor formation

52
Q

NK cells can respond to an

A

Invader cell on their own

53
Q

Process of lymphocyte development and maturation

A

Lymphopoisesis

54
Q

All lymphocytes originate in

A

Red bone marrow

55
Q

B lymphocytes and natural killer cells…

A

Differentiate and mature in red bone marrow

56
Q

T lymphocytes differentiate and mature in

A

The thymus during childhood

57
Q

Clusters of lymphatic cells

A

Lymphatic nodules

58
Q

Filter and attack antigens

A

Lymphatic nodules

59
Q

Large clusters of lymphatic cells surrounded by connective tissue capsule

A

Tonsils

60
Q

Large collections of lymphatic nodules in the mucosa of digestive, respiratory, snd urinary tracts

A

MALT- mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

61
Q

Lymphatic organs are lymphatic cells within an

A

Extracellular connective tissue matrix surrounded by CT capsule

62
Q

The thymus cortex contains

A

Immature t lymphocytes, nurse cells, and macrophages

63
Q

The thymus Medulla contains

A

Mature t lymphocytes and some epithelial cells

64
Q

Largest lymphoid organ

A

Spleen

65
Q

Divided into red pulp and white pulp, surrounding by capsule

A

Spleen

66
Q

Consists of circular clusters of lymphatic cells to monitor blood for foreign materials, bacteria, and other antigens

A

White pulp

67
Q

Contains extra supply of erythrocytes and platelets if needed

A

Red pulp

68
Q

Ovid structures along lymph vessels, located mainly where

A

Lymph nodes, mainly in axillary and groin area

69
Q

Filter antigens from lymph and initiate immune respond when necessary

A

Lymph nodes

70
Q

Lymphatic nodules consist of

A

B lymphocytes and macrophages in germinal center surrounded by T- lymphocytes

71
Q

Swelling of a body point as a result to damage to or removal of lymphatic vessels and nodes

A

Lymphedema

Anatomy (25 decks)

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