Exam:4 Lymphatics Flashcards
Provides defense mechanisms that guards against invasion from foreign substances
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system includes
organs, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes.
What end of the capillaries have blood pressure that forces fluid from blood to interstitial spaces
Arterial ends
Most of the interstitial fluid is reabsorbed at the
Venous end of capillaries
Approximately how much fluid doesn’t make its way back into venous return
3 liters of fluid per day
Reabsorb excess fluid and return it to the venous circulation
Lymph vessels
Poor reabsorption of fluid is called
Edema
Lymph vessels are around the
GI tract
Lymph vessels also
Transport dietary lipids called lacteals
What traps fluid in a one way valve system formed by _ ?
Lymphatic capillaries, overlapping cells
Lymphatic capillaries merge to form
Lymphatic vessels
What is similar to veins
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic vessels characteristics
3 tunics and valves
_ bring lymph to a node and __ carry it away
Afferent lymphatic vessels, efferent vessels
Lymph includes
Interstitial fluid and solutes which enter lymph vessels
Delivers blood to capillary bed
Arteriole
Order of lymph
Vessels to trunks to ducts
Lymphatic trunks form from merging
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic trunk function
Drain lymph from major body regions
Jugular trunk drains lymph from
Head and neck
Subclavian trunks drain lymph from
Upper extremities, breasts, thoracic wall
Bronchomediastinal trunks drain lymph from
Deep thoracic structures
Intestinal trunks drain most of the
Abdominal structures
Lumbar trunk drains lymph from
Lower extremities and pelvis
Largest of lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic ducts
The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from
Right upper extremity and right side of head, neck, and thorax
The thoracic duct drains lymph from
Everywhere but right upper extremity, neck, head, and thorax
The right lymphatic duct empties at the
Junction of the right subclavian vein and right internal jugular vein
Thoracic duct empties at the
Junction of the left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein
__ Receives a milky lymphatic fluid (chyle) from the _ and is continuous superiority with the _
Cysterna chyli ; small intestine; thoracic duct
Lymphatic cells are located in the
Cardiovascular and lymphatic system
Lymphatic cells include
Macrophages and lymphocytes (agranulocytes) and dendritic cells
What are macrophages
Monocytes that have migrated into Lymphatic system from bloodstream
Function of macrophages
Responsible for phagocytosis of foreign substances
Dendritic cells are located in
Lymphatic nodules
Function of dendritic cells
Antigen presenting cells
Most abundant of cells in lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
T lymphocytes account for
70-85% of all lymphocytes
Main types of T lymphocytes are
Helper, cytotoxic, and memory
Helper t lymphocytes characteristics
Recognize 1 specific type of invader, begin a defense against antigen, activated by antigen
Helper t lymphocytes go through __ and release ?
Mitosis, cytokines
Cytotoxic t lymphocytes function
Come in contact with foreign cells and kills them, right away
Memory t lymphocytes arise from
T lymphocytes that have encountered a foreign anitigen
Gives rise to plasma cells
Memory t lymphocytes
Plasma cell functions
Secrete antibodies that immobilize antigen
Memory b lymphocytes protect against
Further attacks by same antigen
Account for 15-30% of all lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
B lymphocytes are activated by
Helper t lymphocytes
B lymphocytes divide and differentiate into
Plasma cells and memory B lymphocytes
Plasma cells secrete
immunoglobulins which attach to antigen
NK cells can kill
A wide variety of infected cells including tumor formation
NK cells can respond to an
Invader cell on their own
Process of lymphocyte development and maturation
Lymphopoisesis
All lymphocytes originate in
Red bone marrow
B lymphocytes and natural killer cells…
Differentiate and mature in red bone marrow
T lymphocytes differentiate and mature in
The thymus during childhood
Clusters of lymphatic cells
Lymphatic nodules
Filter and attack antigens
Lymphatic nodules
Large clusters of lymphatic cells surrounded by connective tissue capsule
Tonsils
Large collections of lymphatic nodules in the mucosa of digestive, respiratory, snd urinary tracts
MALT- mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
Lymphatic organs are lymphatic cells within an
Extracellular connective tissue matrix surrounded by CT capsule
The thymus cortex contains
Immature t lymphocytes, nurse cells, and macrophages
The thymus Medulla contains
Mature t lymphocytes and some epithelial cells
Largest lymphoid organ
Spleen
Divided into red pulp and white pulp, surrounding by capsule
Spleen
Consists of circular clusters of lymphatic cells to monitor blood for foreign materials, bacteria, and other antigens
White pulp
Contains extra supply of erythrocytes and platelets if needed
Red pulp
Ovid structures along lymph vessels, located mainly where
Lymph nodes, mainly in axillary and groin area
Filter antigens from lymph and initiate immune respond when necessary
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic nodules consist of
B lymphocytes and macrophages in germinal center surrounded by T- lymphocytes
Swelling of a body point as a result to damage to or removal of lymphatic vessels and nodes
Lymphedema
