Exam 5: Male Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
Primary sex organ
A
Testes
2
Q
Organ of copulation
A
Penis
3
Q
The male and female reproductive systems have two major functions
A
Produce gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones
4
Q
Primary sex organ
A
Gonads: testes in males and ovaries in females
5
Q
Primary sex organs produce
A
Gametes, sex cells
6
Q
Where are testes located
A
Within the Scrotum, outgrowth of the abdominal wall
7
Q
The testes are located within the scrotum because they
A
Can be cooler than core body temperature
8
Q
Each testis is attached to a
A
Spermatic cord
9
Q
The spermatic cord contains the
A
Vas deferens, testicular artery, and pampiniform plexus of veins
10
Q
The structures of the spermatic cord pass through the
A
Inguinal canal
11
Q
The testicular arteries arise from the
A
Abdominal aorta
12
Q
Delivers arterial blood to the testes
A
Testicular arteries
13
Q
The pampiniform plexus turns into the __ once it enters the scrotum
A
Testicular vein
14
Q
The pampiniform plexus drains
A
Venous blood from testis to testicular vein
15
Q
The right testicular vein empties into the
A
IVC
16
Q
The left testicular vein drains into the
A
Left renal vein
17
Q
Helps cool the testes
A
Pampiniform plexus of veins
18
Q
How are the testes cooled
A
Drawing heat from testicular artery
19
Q
Where is the cremaster muscle found
A
Surface of the testis and spermatic cord
20
Q
Helps regulate the temperature of the testis by contracting and relaxing
A
Cremaster muscle
21
Q
Testis contract when __ and relax when __
A
Cold, hot
22
Q
Carries sperm cells into the pelvis
A
The vas deferens
23
Q
The vas deferens sperm cells are added to
A
Seminal secretions at the ejaculation time
24
Q
Seminal secretions are from the
A
Seminal vesicles and prostate gland
25
If there is increased pressure on the left renal vein from the superior mesenteric artery, there will also be increased pressure in the left testicular vein
Varicocele
26
The testes develop from the
Gonadal tissue (genital ridge) in the posterior abdominal wall
27
The testes develop next to the
Mesenephros
28
When the mesenephros degenerate, the testes acquire the
mesonephric ducts
29
When the testes descend through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum, the
Mesonephric ducts are pulled down with them
30
The mesonephric duct gives rise to
Efferent ductules, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles
31
A ribbon of tissue that guides the descent of the testes
Gubernaculum
32
Testes are located behind the
Parietal peritoneum
33
Passage of gonads through the inguinal canal makes males more susceptible to
Inguinal herniation
34
Small intestine protruding through inguinal canal into scrotum
Inguinal hernia
35
Testes are encapsulated by the
Tunica albuginea
36
Testes are filled with highly coiled tubules called
Seminiferous tubules
37
Sperm cells develop within the __ during __
Seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis
38
Once developed, the sperm cells move into the
Rete testis, efferent ductules, to epididymis
39
Where do sperm cells achieve full motility, school of swimming
Epididymis
40
Process of sperm develop that occurs within the __ of the testes, which begins at __
Spermatogenesis: seminiferous tubules, puberty
41
In males, the 23rd pair called the sex chromosomes has
One X and one Y chromosome
42
In females, the 23rd pair has
Two X chromosomes
43
During gametogenesis, the chromosomes
Replicate
44
Gametogenesis results in
Chromosomes that have paired (sister) chromatids
45
replication occurs during
Meiosis
46
Before replication, __ chromosomes exist in the form of ___
46; single chromatids (for 46 chromatids)
47
After replication, __ chromosomes exist in the form of __
46; sister (paired) chromatids for 92 chromatids
48
Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
Mitosis
49
During mitosis the
sister chromatids separate and go to separate cells
50
Steps in mitosis
Replication
Sister chromatids separate
Daughter cells separate
51
Meiosis involves the
Splitting of two cells (meiosis 1 and 2)
52
Steps of meiosis
Replication
46 chromosomes are in the form of sister chromatids (92 chromatids)
Meiosis 1
23 chromosomes in form of sister chromatids (46 chromatids)
Meiosis 2
23 chromosomes in the form of single chromatids
53
One chromosome from each pair goes to separate cells
Meiosis 1
54
One chromatids from each chromosome goes to separate cells
Meiosis 2
55
Goal of spermatogenesis
Reduce the chromosome number of sperm cells to haploid, so that they can combine with the 23 chromosomes from an egg to produce diploid
56
One of the daughter cells in mitosis acts like a __ and the other is __
New spermatogonium to undergo mitosis again and other is committed as a primary spermatocyte
57
Primary spermatocyte has
23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)
58
The primary spermatocyte undergoes
Replication
59
At the time of birth, the testes contain primitive sperm cells called
Spermatogonia
60
The spermatogenesis contains how many chromosomes
23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)
61
After replication the primary spermatocytes has
46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids
62
First meiotic division occurs: the pairs of chromosomes __ and one from each pair goes to a ___
Separate, separate secondary spermatocyte
63
In the first meiotic division, each of the chromosomes still exists in the form of
Sister chromatids so each secondary spermatocyte is haploid (23 chromosomes) with 46 chromatids
64
The second meiotic division occurs: the sister chromatids from each chromosome __ and __
Separate and each going to separate spermatids
65
Each of the chromosomes in the spermatids consist of
Single chromatids
66
End result of spermatids from second meiotic division
Spermatid has 23 chromosomes and single chromatids (23)
67
Spermatogonium is the sperm cell when the male is
A new born
68
Spermatogonium undergoes
Mitosis
69
Dedicated cell that goes through meiosis
Primary spermatocyte (46 chromatids)
70
Gives rise to 2 secondary spermatocytes
Primary spermatocyte
71
Secondary spermatocyte has how many chromatids
46
72
Spermatid has how many chromatids
23
73
Contains seminiferous tubules
Lobule
74
As sperm cells pass towards the lumen, they pass between
large sustentacular (or Sertoli) cells.
75
The second meiotic division originates with the ? And produces
Secondary spermatocyte, spermatids
76
Once the spermatids are formed, they but undergo
Spermiogenesis
77
Produces androgens (testosterone) which cause males to develop characteristics such as body hair, lower voice, sperm production
Interstitial cells (leydig)
78
Germ cells that are the origin of sperm cells are
Diploid cells called spermatogonia
79
First meiotic division begins in the
Diploid primary spermatocytes
80
The haploid cells produced by the first meiotic division are called
Secondary spermatocytes
81
Second meiotic division originates with the __ and produces __
Secondary spermatocytes, spermatids
82
With spermiogenesis, the cells will
Shed most cytoplasm
Develop an acrosome cap around nucleus
Develop a flagellum
Condense mitochondria in the mid piece area
83
Muscular tube that moves sperm cells into pelvis
Vas deferens
84
Vas deferens each join a
Seminal vesicle
85
Seminal vesicles form an
Ejaculatory duct
86
Seminal vesicles are located along the
Posterior bladder surface
87
The ejaculatory duct penetrates the
Prostate gland
88
Seminal vesicles add what secretions to semen
Fructose, prostaglandins, bicarbonate
89
Located inferior to bladder
Prostate gland
90
Prostatic urethra conveys
Urine and seminal fluid
91
Prostate gland secretes a milky fluid which contains
Citric acid, seminalplasmin, PSA
92
Function of prostate specific antigen (PSA)
Liquefies semen after ejaculation
93
Antibiotic to combat urinary tract infections
Seminalplasmin
94
Order of semen flow
Testes epididymus, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, prostate, penile urethra
95
Benign enlargement of prostate gland, compresses prostatic urethra
BPH
96
Patient has difficulty emptying bladder completely
BPH
97
Most common malignancy in men greater than 50
Prostate cancer
98
A physician may initially do a __ to feel for bumps or hard spots on the prostate
Digital rectum exam
99
Factors that increase prostate cancer risk
Older age, being black, family history, obesity
100
Potty training muscle
External urethral sphincter
101
External urethral sphincter muscle is located in the
Urogenital region
102
Bulbourethral glands are located
In the external urethral sphincter
103
Lubricant the penile urethral before ejaculation
Bulbourethral glands
104
The external urethral sphincter and Bulbourethral glands are covered by the __ which serves as a foundation surface for __
Perineal membrane: erectile tissues
105
The penis is composed of
Highly vascular erecrile tissue that fills with blood
106
Root of the penis includes
Right crus, left crus, and bulb
107
Two crus are attached to
Bone
108
Two crus fuse at the __ to form the __
Pubic symphysis, corpora cavernosa
109
Bulb of penis is supported by the
Perineal membrane
110
The bulb of the penis narrows into the __ as it joins the corpora cavernosa
Corpus spongiosum
111
End of the corpus spongiosum expands to form the
Glans
112
Penile urethra passes through the
Spongy erectile tissue
113
Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum form the
Body
114
The spongy and cavernous erectile tissue cylinders are encapsulated by
Tunica albuginea
115
Ischiocavernosus muscle is located on the
Crus (Crura)
116
Ischiocavernosus muscle and bulbospongiosus muscle help
Compress veins to maintain erectiom
117
What kind of tunica albuginea around the corpora cavernosa
Thick
118
What kind of tunica albuginea around the corpus spongiosum
Thin
119
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the
Pelvic cavity
120
Internal pudenal artery originates in the pelvis as one of the branches of the
Internal iliac artery
121
The pudenal artery supplies blood to the
Erectile tissues
122
What innervates smooth muscle related to sexual activity
ANS
123
Sympathetics control
Ejaculation
124
Parasympathetics are
Erection
125
Sympathetics innervate the smooth muscle of the
Vas deferens and seminal vesicles/prostate gland
126
Parasympathetics function
Dilate blood vessels and supply blood to pudendal artery
127
Parasympathetics to the erectile tissues come from and pudenal nerve from
S2-4
128
Sensation from external genitalia is carried by the
Pudendal nerve
129
The pudendal nerve also has a
Somatic motor component and sensory component
130
The pudendal nerve sends branches to
External anal sphincter (Anus) and external urethral sphincter (external genitalia)
131
The parasympathetics to the penis travel down into the
Floor of the pelvis
