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Anatomy > Exam 5: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Exam 5: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Primary sex organ

A

Testes

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2
Q

Organ of copulation

A

Penis

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3
Q

The male and female reproductive systems have two major functions

A

Produce gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones

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4
Q

Primary sex organ

A

Gonads: testes in males and ovaries in females

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5
Q

Primary sex organs produce

A

Gametes, sex cells

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6
Q

Where are testes located

A

Within the Scrotum, outgrowth of the abdominal wall

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7
Q

The testes are located within the scrotum because they

A

Can be cooler than core body temperature

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8
Q

Each testis is attached to a

A

Spermatic cord

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9
Q

The spermatic cord contains the

A

Vas deferens, testicular artery, and pampiniform plexus of veins

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10
Q

The structures of the spermatic cord pass through the

A

Inguinal canal

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11
Q

The testicular arteries arise from the

A

Abdominal aorta

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12
Q

Delivers arterial blood to the testes

A

Testicular arteries

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13
Q

The pampiniform plexus turns into the __ once it enters the scrotum

A

Testicular vein

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14
Q

The pampiniform plexus drains

A

Venous blood from testis to testicular vein

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15
Q

The right testicular vein empties into the

A

IVC

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16
Q

The left testicular vein drains into the

A

Left renal vein

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17
Q

Helps cool the testes

A

Pampiniform plexus of veins

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18
Q

How are the testes cooled

A

Drawing heat from testicular artery

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19
Q

Where is the cremaster muscle found

A

Surface of the testis and spermatic cord

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20
Q

Helps regulate the temperature of the testis by contracting and relaxing

A

Cremaster muscle

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21
Q

Testis contract when __ and relax when __

A

Cold, hot

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22
Q

Carries sperm cells into the pelvis

A

The vas deferens

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23
Q

The vas deferens sperm cells are added to

A

Seminal secretions at the ejaculation time

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24
Q

Seminal secretions are from the

A

Seminal vesicles and prostate gland

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25
Q

If there is increased pressure on the left renal vein from the superior mesenteric artery, there will also be increased pressure in the left testicular vein

A

Varicocele

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26
Q

The testes develop from the

A

Gonadal tissue (genital ridge) in the posterior abdominal wall

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27
Q

The testes develop next to the

A

Mesenephros

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28
Q

When the mesenephros degenerate, the testes acquire the

A

mesonephric ducts

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29
Q

When the testes descend through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum, the

A

Mesonephric ducts are pulled down with them

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30
Q

The mesonephric duct gives rise to

A

Efferent ductules, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles

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31
Q

A ribbon of tissue that guides the descent of the testes

A

Gubernaculum

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32
Q

Testes are located behind the

A

Parietal peritoneum

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33
Q

Passage of gonads through the inguinal canal makes males more susceptible to

A

Inguinal herniation

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34
Q

Small intestine protruding through inguinal canal into scrotum

A

Inguinal hernia

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35
Q

Testes are encapsulated by the

A

Tunica albuginea

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36
Q

Testes are filled with highly coiled tubules called

A

Seminiferous tubules

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37
Q

Sperm cells develop within the __ during __

A

Seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis

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38
Q

Once developed, the sperm cells move into the

A

Rete testis, efferent ductules, to epididymis

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39
Q

Where do sperm cells achieve full motility, school of swimming

A

Epididymis

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40
Q

Process of sperm develop that occurs within the __ of the testes, which begins at __

A

Spermatogenesis: seminiferous tubules, puberty

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41
Q

In males, the 23rd pair called the sex chromosomes has

A

One X and one Y chromosome

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42
Q

In females, the 23rd pair has

A

Two X chromosomes

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43
Q

During gametogenesis, the chromosomes

A

Replicate

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44
Q

Gametogenesis results in

A

Chromosomes that have paired (sister) chromatids

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45
Q

replication occurs during

A

Meiosis

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46
Q

Before replication, __ chromosomes exist in the form of ___

A

46; single chromatids (for 46 chromatids)

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47
Q

After replication, __ chromosomes exist in the form of __

A

46; sister (paired) chromatids for 92 chromatids

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48
Q

Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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49
Q

During mitosis the

A

sister chromatids separate and go to separate cells

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50
Q

Steps in mitosis

A

Replication
Sister chromatids separate
Daughter cells separate

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51
Q

Meiosis involves the

A

Splitting of two cells (meiosis 1 and 2)

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52
Q

Steps of meiosis

A

Replication
46 chromosomes are in the form of sister chromatids (92 chromatids)
Meiosis 1
23 chromosomes in form of sister chromatids (46 chromatids)
Meiosis 2
23 chromosomes in the form of single chromatids

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53
Q

One chromosome from each pair goes to separate cells

A

Meiosis 1

54
Q

One chromatids from each chromosome goes to separate cells

A

Meiosis 2

55
Q

Goal of spermatogenesis

A

Reduce the chromosome number of sperm cells to haploid, so that they can combine with the 23 chromosomes from an egg to produce diploid

56
Q

One of the daughter cells in mitosis acts like a __ and the other is __

A

New spermatogonium to undergo mitosis again and other is committed as a primary spermatocyte

57
Q

Primary spermatocyte has

A

23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)

58
Q

The primary spermatocyte undergoes

A

Replication

59
Q

At the time of birth, the testes contain primitive sperm cells called

A

Spermatogonia

60
Q

The spermatogenesis contains how many chromosomes

A

23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)

61
Q

After replication the primary spermatocytes has

A

46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids

62
Q

First meiotic division occurs: the pairs of chromosomes __ and one from each pair goes to a ___

A

Separate, separate secondary spermatocyte

63
Q

In the first meiotic division, each of the chromosomes still exists in the form of

A

Sister chromatids so each secondary spermatocyte is haploid (23 chromosomes) with 46 chromatids

64
Q

The second meiotic division occurs: the sister chromatids from each chromosome __ and __

A

Separate and each going to separate spermatids

65
Q

Each of the chromosomes in the spermatids consist of

A

Single chromatids

66
Q

End result of spermatids from second meiotic division

A

Spermatid has 23 chromosomes and single chromatids (23)

67
Q

Spermatogonium is the sperm cell when the male is

A

A new born

68
Q

Spermatogonium undergoes

A

Mitosis

69
Q

Dedicated cell that goes through meiosis

A

Primary spermatocyte (46 chromatids)

70
Q

Gives rise to 2 secondary spermatocytes

A

Primary spermatocyte

71
Q

Secondary spermatocyte has how many chromatids

A

46

72
Q

Spermatid has how many chromatids

A

23

73
Q

Contains seminiferous tubules

A

Lobule

74
Q

As sperm cells pass towards the lumen, they pass between

A

large sustentacular (or Sertoli) cells.

75
Q

The second meiotic division originates with the ? And produces

A

Secondary spermatocyte, spermatids

76
Q

Once the spermatids are formed, they but undergo

A

Spermiogenesis

77
Q

Produces androgens (testosterone) which cause males to develop characteristics such as body hair, lower voice, sperm production

A

Interstitial cells (leydig)

78
Q

Germ cells that are the origin of sperm cells are

A

Diploid cells called spermatogonia

79
Q

First meiotic division begins in the

A

Diploid primary spermatocytes

80
Q

The haploid cells produced by the first meiotic division are called

A

Secondary spermatocytes

81
Q

Second meiotic division originates with the __ and produces __

A

Secondary spermatocytes, spermatids

82
Q

With spermiogenesis, the cells will

A

Shed most cytoplasm
Develop an acrosome cap around nucleus
Develop a flagellum
Condense mitochondria in the mid piece area

83
Q

Muscular tube that moves sperm cells into pelvis

A

Vas deferens

84
Q

Vas deferens each join a

A

Seminal vesicle

85
Q

Seminal vesicles form an

A

Ejaculatory duct

86
Q

Seminal vesicles are located along the

A

Posterior bladder surface

87
Q

The ejaculatory duct penetrates the

A

Prostate gland

88
Q

Seminal vesicles add what secretions to semen

A

Fructose, prostaglandins, bicarbonate

89
Q

Located inferior to bladder

A

Prostate gland

90
Q

Prostatic urethra conveys

A

Urine and seminal fluid

91
Q

Prostate gland secretes a milky fluid which contains

A

Citric acid, seminalplasmin, PSA

92
Q

Function of prostate specific antigen (PSA)

A

Liquefies semen after ejaculation

93
Q

Antibiotic to combat urinary tract infections

A

Seminalplasmin

94
Q

Order of semen flow

A

Testes epididymus, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, prostate, penile urethra

95
Q

Benign enlargement of prostate gland, compresses prostatic urethra

A

BPH

96
Q

Patient has difficulty emptying bladder completely

A

BPH

97
Q

Most common malignancy in men greater than 50

A

Prostate cancer

98
Q

A physician may initially do a __ to feel for bumps or hard spots on the prostate

A

Digital rectum exam

99
Q

Factors that increase prostate cancer risk

A

Older age, being black, family history, obesity

100
Q

Potty training muscle

A

External urethral sphincter

101
Q

External urethral sphincter muscle is located in the

A

Urogenital region

102
Q

Bulbourethral glands are located

A

In the external urethral sphincter

103
Q

Lubricant the penile urethral before ejaculation

A

Bulbourethral glands

104
Q

The external urethral sphincter and Bulbourethral glands are covered by the __ which serves as a foundation surface for __

A

Perineal membrane: erectile tissues

105
Q

The penis is composed of

A

Highly vascular erecrile tissue that fills with blood

106
Q

Root of the penis includes

A

Right crus, left crus, and bulb

107
Q

Two crus are attached to

A

Bone

108
Q

Two crus fuse at the __ to form the __

A

Pubic symphysis, corpora cavernosa

109
Q

Bulb of penis is supported by the

A

Perineal membrane

110
Q

The bulb of the penis narrows into the __ as it joins the corpora cavernosa

A

Corpus spongiosum

111
Q

End of the corpus spongiosum expands to form the

A

Glans

112
Q

Penile urethra passes through the

A

Spongy erectile tissue

113
Q

Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum form the

A

Body

114
Q

The spongy and cavernous erectile tissue cylinders are encapsulated by

A

Tunica albuginea

115
Q

Ischiocavernosus muscle is located on the

A

Crus (Crura)

116
Q

Ischiocavernosus muscle and bulbospongiosus muscle help

A

Compress veins to maintain erectiom

117
Q

What kind of tunica albuginea around the corpora cavernosa

A

Thick

118
Q

What kind of tunica albuginea around the corpus spongiosum

A

Thin

119
Q

The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the

A

Pelvic cavity

120
Q

Internal pudenal artery originates in the pelvis as one of the branches of the

A

Internal iliac artery

121
Q

The pudenal artery supplies blood to the

A

Erectile tissues

122
Q

What innervates smooth muscle related to sexual activity

A

ANS

123
Q

Sympathetics control

A

Ejaculation

124
Q

Parasympathetics are

A

Erection

125
Q

Sympathetics innervate the smooth muscle of the

A

Vas deferens and seminal vesicles/prostate gland

126
Q

Parasympathetics function

A

Dilate blood vessels and supply blood to pudendal artery

127
Q

Parasympathetics to the erectile tissues come from and pudenal nerve from

A

S2-4

128
Q

Sensation from external genitalia is carried by the

A

Pudendal nerve

129
Q

The pudendal nerve also has a

A

Somatic motor component and sensory component

130
Q

The pudendal nerve sends branches to

A

External anal sphincter (Anus) and external urethral sphincter (external genitalia)

131
Q

The parasympathetics to the penis travel down into the

A

Floor of the pelvis

Anatomy (25 decks)

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