Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Exam 5: Female Reproductive Exam > Flashcards

Exam 5: Female Reproductive Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Main reproductive structures in female

A

Uterus and ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What produces the female gametes

A

Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Once the oocytes are expelled from the surface of an ovary, they are swept up by

A

A uterine tube and sent to uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inferior part of uterus

A

Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Links to the vagina

A

Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uterus sits on the

A

Floor of the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The uterus sits between the

A

Urinary bladder and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dome like top of the uterus is called the

A

Fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inferiorly the uterus tapers into the

A

Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cervix appearance

A

Doughnut like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cuff around the cervix where vagina connects

A

Fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wall of uterus has

A

Smooth muscle that contracts with menstruation and birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The inner lining of uterus

A

Endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Highly vascular and glandular tissue

A

Endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Three pairs of structures attached to the superior-lateral aspect of the uterus
collectively called

A

Adnexa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adnexa consists of the

A

Round ligaments, ovarian ligaments, and uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What travels through the inguinal canal

A

Round ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The round ligaments exit the __ and attach to the __

A

Canal, skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Provides positional support to uterus

A

Round ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The ovaries are attached to the uterus through

A

Ovarian ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Transport oocytes from ovaries to the uterine cavity

A

Uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Feature of uterine tubes

A

Have finger projections called fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Undulate and create currents to draw the oocytes into the tube at ovulation

A

Fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What moves the oocytes toward uterine cavity

A

Muscular contractions and ciliated columnar epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

From what view can you not see the round ligaments

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ovarian ligament is covered by

A

Tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The board ligament is formed by the

A

Peritoneum that drapes over uterus and adnexa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Broad ligament is composed of two layers of peritoneum and divided into three parts:

A

Mesometrium, mesovarium, mesosalpinx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Part of broad ligament attached to sides of uterus

A

Mesometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Attached to ovary and ovarian ligament

A

Mesovarium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Attaches to the uterine tube

A

Mesosalpinx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The broad ligament provides some support to the

A

Uterus and Adnexa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the ovaries get their blood supply from the

A

ovarian arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ovarian arteries branch from the

A

abdominal aorta inferior to the renal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What travels with the arteries

A

Ovarian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Right ovarian vein drains into the

A

IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Left ovarian vein empties into the

A

Left renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

the uterus gets its blood supply from the

A

uterine arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Branches of the internal iliac artery

A

Uterine arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

the ovarian artery and vein are covered by

A

peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The ovarian artery and vein form a

A

Suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Gonadal vessels from abdomen to ovary

A

Suspensory ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The round ligament has cords of

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Peritoneum forms

A

pouches between organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How many oocytes are developed when beginning puberty

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Puberty ages

A

14 females

16 males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is not present during oogenesis

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Formation and development of the oocytes

A

Oogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

When a female reaches puberty, what releases GnRH

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

GnRH stimulates the

A

Anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

During puberty, the pituitary gland releases

A

FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

During puberty, LSH and LH initiate the

A

Changes in the ovaries during oogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What produces oocytes found in ovaries before birth

A

Oogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What occurs before birth in oogenesis

A

Replication of 46 chromatids to 92 and part way through meiosis 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What oocyte travels part way through meiosis 1

A

Primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Primary oocyte forms

A

23 chromosomes with 46 chromatids and 1st polar body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What are polar bodies

A

Non viable material, degenerates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

A secondary oocyte completes

A

Meiosis 1 and starts meiosis 2 and stops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

In oogenesis Meiosis 2 only finishes if

A

Fertilization occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Secondary oocyte forms

A

2nd polar body and 23 chromosomes/chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Maturation of cells in the ovary occurs in the

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Blood vessels enter the ovary through the

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Primary oocytes replicate their DNA and begun meiosis 1

A

Before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

At the time of birth the ovaries contain

A

Primordial follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Primary oocytes surrounded by flat follicle cells

A

Primordial follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

The flat follicle cells in primordial follicles act as

A

Support cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

How many primordial follicles are there at the time of birth

A

1.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Many of the primordial follicles __ during childhood

A

Degenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Primordial follicles appear during

A

Fetal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

A primary oocyte is arrested during

A

Meiosis 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What follicles appear at puberty

A

Primary follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

During puberty, The follicle cells around the primary oocyte become more

A

Cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

The follicle cells in a primary follicle secrete

A

Estrogen which changes uterine lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

About __ primordial follicles mature into primary follicles every month. __ primary follicles mature into secondary

A

20, a few

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Contains a primary oocyte surrounded with many layers of follicle cells

A

Secondary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

The secondary follicle, a fluid filled space develops called the

A

Antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Clear glycoprotein membrane around oocyte in a secondary follicle

A

Zona pellucida

78
Q

Sperm cells penetrate what

A

Zona pellucida

79
Q

__ of the secondary follicles studs into tertiary follicles

A

1 or 2

80
Q

One of the secondary follicles continues to develop into a

A

Mature/ graafian follicle

81
Q

In the mature follicle, the oocyte completes

A

meiosis 1 and begins meiosis 2, making it a secondary oocyte

82
Q

Under the influence of the luteinizing hormone in the Graafian follicle the….

A

volume of fluid increases in antrum and pressure builds

83
Q

The secondary oocyte is

A

Haploid

84
Q

What day of the ovarian cycle does the mature follicle rupture

A

14

85
Q

Mature follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte and some surrounding follicle cells

A

Ovulation

86
Q

Following ovulation, the follicle cells remaining in the ovary form a mass called

A

Corpus luteum

87
Q

The cells of the corpus luteum…

A

Secrete sex hormones that stimulate the build up of the endometrium in pregnancy

88
Q

When corpus luteum stops producing sex hormones, it

A

Degenerates and forms a CT structure called corpus albicans

89
Q

Doesn’t contain oocyte

A

Corpus luteum

90
Q

What still secretes progesterone and estrogen to continue the built up of endometrium in pregnancy

A

Corpus luteum

91
Q

Prepare for possible implantation of fertilized ovum

A

Corpus luteum

92
Q

When a corpus luteum stops producing sex hormones, it

A

degenerates and forms a connective tissue structure called corpus albicans.

93
Q

once released from the ovary, the secondary oocyte is

A

swept up by a uterine (fallopian) tube

94
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

Uterine tube (distal)

95
Q

Sperm cells are deposited at the

A

Cervix

96
Q

Sperm cells make their way into the ____ to meet the oocyte

A

Uterus and uterine tube

97
Q

process whereby the sperm cell fuses with the oocyte to form a new cell containing genetic information from both parents

A

Fertilization

98
Q

The joining of the 2 cells in fertilization, restores the

A

Diploid number (46 chromosomes)

99
Q

following ovulation, the oocyte remains viable in the female reproductive tract for

A

No more than 24 hours

100
Q

sperm cells can remain viable in the female reproductive tract for

A

Up to 4 days

101
Q

the first sperm cell to arrive at the location of the oocyte works its way through the
surrounding cells to reach the

A

zona pellucida

102
Q

__ releases enzymes to break down the zona pellucida

A

Acrosome of the sperm cell

103
Q

When the zona pellucida is broken down it triggers…

A

Expansion from surface of the oocyte, preventing fertilization from sperm cells

104
Q

When the sperm cell enters the oocyte it…

A

Releases DNA and oocyte completes meiosis 2 and a second polar body

105
Q

the nuclear material of the sperm and oocyte unit and homologous chromosomes…

A

Pair to form diploid number of chromosomes (46)

106
Q

the fertilized ovum (zygote) is moved by the

A

uterine tube to the uterine cavity

107
Q

the zygote enters the uterine cavity about

A

6 days after fertilization

108
Q

What results in pregnancy

A

implantation of the zygote in the wall of the uterus

109
Q

if implantation does not occur…

A

There’s no pregnancy and menstruation occurs

110
Q

Shedding of endometrium when

A

Implantation doesn’t occur

111
Q

If the secondary oocyte is fertilized and if it successfully implants, the….

A

pre-embryo secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

112
Q

Function of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

A

signals the corpus luteum to keep producing progesterone

113
Q

will build and stabilize the uterine lining

A

progesterone

114
Q

After how long, the placenta of the developing fetus starts producing its own
progesterone and estrogen.

A

3 months

115
Q

if implantation does not occur, the corpus luteum…

A

regresses and the reduction of

progesterone and estrogen cause the uterine ling to be shed

116
Q

At puberty, the hypothalamus releases…

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

117
Q

gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the

A

Pituitary gland to release FSH and LH

118
Q

FSH and LH vary in a cyclic pattern to produce a monthly sequence of events called the

A

Ovarian cycle (28 days)

119
Q

Phases of the ovarian cycle

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Ovulation
  3. Luteal phase
120
Q

How long is the follicular phase

A

Days 1-13

121
Q

In the follicular phase, FSH and LH stimulate

A

20 primordial follicles into primary into secondary into vestibular (Graafian) follicles

122
Q

What day does ovulation happen

A

14

123
Q

What days are the luteal phase

A

Day 15-28

124
Q

During ovulation…

A

Secondary oocyte released from ovary

125
Q

During the luteal phase….

A

Progesterone and estrogen are produced by corpus luteum to prepare for pregnancy

126
Q

Maturation of primary oocyte into secondary

A

Oogenesis

127
Q

Oogenesis begins in a female fetus, when the ovary

A

Contains primordial germ cells called oogonia

128
Q

During the fetal period, the oogonia starts

A

Meiosis (primary oocytes)

129
Q

Primary oocytes in the primordial follicles remain arrested in

A

Meiosis 1 until after puberty

130
Q

During childhood about __ of the primary oocytes regress

A

1/3

131
Q

Produced by follicle cells under control of FSH

A

Estrogen

132
Q

Maintains function of reproductive organs

A

Estrogen

133
Q

Responsible for secondary sex characteristics

A

Estrogen

134
Q

Stimulates bone and muscle growth

A

Estrogen

135
Q

Produced mainly by corpus luteum

A

Progesterone

136
Q

Maintains secretory function of endometrium

A

Progesterone

137
Q

Endometrium can be divided into the

A

Basal layer and functional layer

138
Q

With menstruation, the functional layer and parts of the glands and blood vessels are __ and the basal layer __

A

Shed, remains intact

139
Q

when there are no more follicles in the ovaries

A

Menopause

140
Q

Menopause Occurs between ages of

A

45-55

141
Q

During menopause, the endometrium

A

Stops growing

142
Q

occurs when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the main cavity of the
uterus.

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

143
Q

ectopic pregnancy that occurs within the uterine tube and does not make it to full term

A

A “tubal” pregnancy

144
Q

an often painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside the uterus

A

Endometriosis

145
Q

During the endometriosis, the displaced tissue

A

Has no way to exit the body and is trapped

146
Q

when endometriosis involves the ovaries,

A

Cysts (endometriomas) may form

147
Q

invented by Dr. Georgios Papanikolaou in the 1930s.

A

PAP smear

148
Q

used in gynecology to detect premalignant and malignant processes in the cervix.

A

PAP smear

149
Q

In a Pap smear, cells from the cervix are examined for

A

Pre cancerous changed (cervical neoplasia/dysplasia)

150
Q

cervical cancers are usually caused by

A

HPVs

151
Q

paired folds of skin, often with pubic hair

A

the labia majora

152
Q

folds of skin immediately internal to the labia majora

A

the labia minora

153
Q

the space between the labia minora is called the

A

vestibule

154
Q

What opens into the vestibule

A

external urethral orifice and vaginal canal

155
Q

on either side of the vaginal orifice is an erectile tissue structure called

A

bulb of the

vestibule

156
Q

What tissue becomes engorged with blood during sexual arousal

A

bulb of the vestibule

157
Q

a pair of greater vestibular glands are located at the

A

posterior ends of the bulbar tissue

158
Q

produce a sexual lubricant and have ducts which open near the 5 o’clock and 7 o’clock positions of the vaginal orifice.

A

greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands

159
Q

the primary sensory structure of the female external genitalia is the

A

Clitoris

160
Q

the clitoris is a midline erectile tissue structure formed by the

A

convergence of the crura

161
Q

the body of the clitoris is usually hidden by the

A

Prepuce

162
Q

circular cuff around the cervix

A

Fornix

163
Q

Where vagina attaches

A

Fornix

164
Q

A needle can be passed through the posterior fornix into the ___ to remove abnormal fluid such as blood.

A

rectouterine pouch

165
Q

The vagina is lined with what tissue

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

166
Q

Internal to the vagina lining is

A

Smooth muscle

167
Q

The two crura join to form the

A

clitoris

168
Q

Crura is anchored to the

A

ischiopubic rami

169
Q

The bulb of the vestibule, supported by the __ , are found deep to the ___

A

perineal membrane, labia minora

170
Q

the clitoris and bulb of the vestibule are __ which become engorged with blood during sexual arousal

A

erectile tissues

171
Q

The crura are covered with muscle called

A

ischiocavernosus muscle

172
Q

bulb of the vestibule covered by

A

bulbospongiosus muscle.

173
Q

The bulbospongiosus muscle and Ischiocavernosus muscle function

A

Compress the veins of erectile tissues to keep blood to them longer

174
Q

the pelvic floor is filled in with a cone-shaped muscle called

A

levator ani

175
Q

interacts with the bladder neck and rectum through contractions to help with urinary and fecal continence

A

levator ani

176
Q

the testes and ovaries develop from the

A

gonadal tissue of the genital ridge

177
Q

the paramesonephric ducts give rise to the

A

Uterine tube

178
Q

blood supply to the uterus and vagina come from branches off the

A

internal iliac artery

179
Q

ovaries get their blood supply from

A

ovarian arteries

180
Q

the internal pudendal artery originates in the

A

pelvis

181
Q

the internal pudendal artery travels with the

A

pudendal nerve out of the pelvis

182
Q

the internal pudendal artery supplies blood to the

A

erectile tissues and perineum

183
Q

Density of connect tissue around uterine arteries called

A

Cardinal ligament

184
Q

dilate the blood vessels of the erectile tissue so that they can
receive more blood during sexual arousal

A

parasympathetics

185
Q

the parasympathetics to the erectile tissues come from the

A

S2-4 levels of the spinal cord

186
Q

sensation from the external genitalia is carried by the

A

pudendal nerve

187
Q

somatic nerve from S2-4 levels of the spinal cord

A

pudendal nerve

188
Q

the pudendal nerve also has a

A

motor component to the external urethral sphincter and external anal sphincter

189
Q

Not needed for erection but maintains arousal

A

pudendal nerve

190
Q

the pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis

A

posteriorly

Anatomy (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions