Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Nervous Tissue/Brain/ (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue/Brain/ (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system consists of the

A

CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS (Cranial and spinal nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nervous system divided functionally into

A

Sensory and motor systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Receives sensation regarding the condition of the body and outside environments

A

Sensory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Delivers signals to muscles and glands in body to perform an action

A

Motor system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of the sensory and motor system

A

Somatic and visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nervous tissue is made up of

A

Neurons and glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Receives and processes info we are aware of (touch, pan, vision, smell, hearing, taste)

A

Somatic sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Receivers and processes information that we aren’t aware of (O2 and CO2 in blood, body temperature, location of food in digestive tract)

A

Visceral sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Delivers nerve impulses to skeletal muscles (voluntary)

A

Somatic motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Delivers nerve impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands of body

A

autonomic, involuntary motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Forms wall of heart

A

Cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Forms smooth muscle

A

Walls of arteries and digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glands

A

Produce sweat tears mucus and saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Properties of neurons…

A

High metabolic rate, depend on constant supply of glucose and oxygen, have huge longevity, can change but can’t divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurons depend on the constant supply of

A

Glucose and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of neurons

A

Unipolar and multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the components of the unipolar neurons

A

Cell body, peripheral process, dendrites, central process, short single process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neurons control center responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses

A

Cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Carries sensory information from the skin to the cell body

A

Peripheral process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dendrites in unipolar neurons

A

Detect touch, pain, temperature, and vibration on skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Send impulses from cell body to CNS

A

CENTRAL PROCESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where the central and peripheral process attach to the cell body

A

Short single process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dendrites in multipolar neurons

A

Conduct nerve impulses toward cell body to be processed, mainly from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Components of the multipolar neurons

A

Cell body, dendrites, axon, axon nillock, axon collateral, telodendria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Transmit nerve impulses away from cell body

A

AXON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Transition from cell body to axon

A

Axon nillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Side branch of axon

A

Axon collateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

End of branches of axon; increase spread of effect of impulse

A

Telodendria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gray matter of spinal cord is

A

Center of spinal cord, cell bodies and neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What horn is responsible for sensory and motor function

A 
Sensory = dorsal
Motor= ventral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Buldge formed by a group of cell bodies

A

Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sensory information by what neurons

A

Unipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Sensory information deceivers to CNS, (what information)

A

Afferent information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Motor information delivered to muscles and glands, what information?

A

Efferent information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Send impulses to motor neurons in ventral horn

A

Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Internurons are

A

Multipolar Neurons and association neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What makes up 99% of the central nervous system

A

Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Motor neurons are multipolar or unipolar

A

Multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Glial cells are loctaed in the

A

Cns&pns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Characteristics of glial cells

A

Smaller, assist neurons with their functions, physically protect and nourish neurons,
Provide framework for nervous tissue, account for half of nervous system volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Glial cells are capable of ? Unlike neurons

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Are there more glial or neurons

A

Glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

6 types of glial cells

A

4 in CNS and 2 in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Glial cells in the CNS

A

Astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, and olignodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Glial cells in PNS

A

Satellite cells, schwann cells (neurolemmocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Star shape, processes touch capillaries and neuron parts

A

Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Functions of astrocytes…

A

Releases calcium into fluid = storing memories
Form part of the CNS structural framework, fill in space when neurons die.
Form blood brain barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Controls substances that can leave capillaries and enter the fluid surrounding neurons; protects tissue of CNS from toxins

A

Blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Three specializations of blood brain barrier

A
  1. Continuous basement membrane
  2. Tight junctions between simple squamous cells
  3. Perivascular feet of astrocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Cubodial like ventricles of brain and central canal; have cilia to move cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Function of ependymal cells

A

Ventricles contain cerebrospinal fluid (nourish the brain )
Cover capillaries lining these cavities
Form choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Smallest slender branches extending from cell body

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Functions of microglia

A

Replicate in response to infection

Perform phagocytic activity and remove debris from damaged neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Large bulbous body and slender process

A

Olignodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Olignodendrocytes functions…

A

Form myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Function of myelin

A

Increases conduction of velocity of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Impulse traveling down an axon….

A

Result of reversal of polarity of the cell membrane due to calcium entering neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Without myelin what happens?

A

Reversal of polarity would go to the entire length of cell membrane (continuous conduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

With myelin what happens…

A

Reversal of polarity could skip node to node (saltatory conduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Flat cells, around neuronal bodies

A

Satellite cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Function of satellite cells

A

Regulate nutrient delivery and removal of waste products in neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Axons of multipolar cells and peripheral/ central processes of unipolar cells

A

Schwann cells/ neurolemmocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Functions of Schwann cells

A

Attach to portions of a neuronal process and wrap themselves around processes, laying concentric layers to for, myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

CT surrounding peripheral nerve processes and myelin

A

Endoneurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

CT surrounding a fascile

A

Perineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

CT surrounding a peripheral nerve

A

Epineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

A glial cell tumors, can be benign or malignant

A

Gliomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Immune system attacks myelin of axons in CNS, causing communication problems

A

Multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

The brain can be further divided into the

A

Cerebrum,brain stem, and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Main type of neuron in the brain

A

Multipolar neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Process that sends information away from the cell body

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Multipolar neurons have many _ and a single _

A

Dendrites and axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Axons of most neurons are covered in

A

Myelin, formed by glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

The myelin does or doesn’t coat the entire surface of the axon

A

Doesn’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

The central nervous system begins development as a

A

Neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

At the 4th week of development, the cranial end develops….

A

Three dilutions or primary vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

The three dilations or primary vesicles are known as the…

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

At the 5th week of development of the brain, the

A

Primary vesicles further specialize into secondary vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

In the 5th week, prosencephalon gives rise to

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What retains the same name in the 5th week of brain development

A

Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

In the 5th week of development, rhombencephalon gives rise to

A

Metencephalon and myelencephalon

82
Q

The completed structures of the prosencephalon are

A

Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

83
Q

The completed structure of the mesencephalon is the

A

Midbrain

84
Q

The completed structure of the rhombencephalon are the

A

Pons and cerebellum, medulla

85
Q

Anterior

A

Front

86
Q

Posterior

A

Back

87
Q

Dorsal

A

Superior

88
Q

Ventral

A

Inferior

89
Q

The cerebrum consists of the

A

Right and left hemispheres

90
Q

The hemispheres of the cerebrum are partially separated by the

A

Longitudinal fissure

91
Q

What process is the location of conscious thought and complex intellectual function

A

Cerebrum

92
Q

What allows us to comprehend the world around us

A

Cerebrum

93
Q

What houses memories

A

Cerebrum

94
Q

What allows us to be aware of sensory unpin and initiate motor activity

A

Cerebrum

95
Q

The surface of the brain is

A

Convoluted (wrinkled) with gyri (hills) and sulci (valleys) to increase surface area

96
Q

Gray matter can be found on the

A

outside of brain (cortex) or within the white matter (nuclei)

97
Q

White matter in the brain is found

A

Deep to the cortex and contains bundles of myelinated axons

98
Q

The brain and spinal cord are protected by

A

Bone and meninges

99
Q

The meninges consist of 3 layers of connective tissue

A

Pia matter, arachnoid matter, dura matter

100
Q

Thin layer of connective tissue adherent to the surface of the brain, following the surface of the gyri and sulci

A

Pia matter (delicate mother)

101
Q

Located external to the pia matter, more loosely covering the brain without diving into the sulci

A

Arachnoid mater (webby mother )

102
Q

What space is between the pia matter and arachnoid matter, and function

A

Subarachnoid space= contains CSF that acts as a shop absorber

103
Q

Filamentous extensions of arachnoid mater called

A

Arachnoid trabeculae

104
Q

Arachnoid trabeculae function

A

Anchor the arachnoid mater to the pia mater

105
Q

Composed of two layers: periosteal and meningeal layer

A

Dura matter, tough mother

106
Q

Where is the periosteal layer of the dura

A

Lines inside of the cranium

107
Q

The meningeal layer of dura is fused to the

A

Periosteal layer throughout much of the skull

108
Q

Extends between the cerebral hemispheres and reduces movement of the brain under the skull

A

Falx cerebri

109
Q

The tentorium cerebelli supports the

A

Posterior part of the brain, with the cerebellum below

110
Q

The venous blood from the brain drains mainly into….

A

A system of sinuses within the dura mater

111
Q

The venous sinuses receive…

A

Deoxygenated blood from brain and deliver it to internal jugular veins

112
Q

Empties into the confluence of sinuses

A

Superior sagittal sinus

113
Q

Inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein empty into the

A

Straight sinus

114
Q

Straight sinus empties into the

A

Confluence of sinuses

115
Q

Blood entering the confluence of sinuses goes

A

Left or right into a transverse sinus

116
Q

The transverse sinuses become the

A

Sigmoid sinuses when they course inferiorly to empty into internal jugular veins

117
Q

Receive blood from the ophthalmic veins in the orbit

A

Cavernous sinuses

118
Q

The superior petrosal sinus carries blood from the

A

Cavernus sinus to the sigmoid sinus

119
Q

The inferior petrosal sinus carries blood from the

A

Cavernous sinus to the internal jugular vein

120
Q

The great cerebral vein is a

A

True vein

121
Q

The dural venous sinuses have walls

A

composed of dura mater

122
Q

The CNS forms a tube like structure called the

A

Neural tube

123
Q

As the brain develops, the lumen develops into the

A

ventricular system

124
Q

The ventricles of the brain contain

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

125
Q

Function of CSF

A

Helps to provide nourishment for the brain

126
Q

What are the lateral ventricles in the brain

A

C shaped, within cerebral hemispheres

127
Q

Slit like ventricle between right and left diencephalon in brain

A

3rd ventricle

128
Q

Diamond shaped ventricle in brain between brain stem and cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

129
Q

Connections between lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle

A

Inter ventricular foramina

130
Q

Connection through midbrain between 3rd and 4th ventricles

A

Mesencephalic aqueduct

131
Q

Narrow canal through center of spinal cord

A

Central canal

132
Q

Openings in the 4th ventricle that allow CSF to flow into subarachnoid space

A

Apertures

133
Q

CSF is derived from the

A

Blood vascular system by choroid plexus

134
Q

Is there choroid plexus in each of the 4 ventricles of brain

A

Yes

135
Q

CSF is continuously produced by

A

Choroid plexus

136
Q

Approximately what mL of CSF is produced each day

A

500 mL

137
Q

There is between what and what within the subarachnoid space at any given time

A

100 mL and 160 mL

138
Q

CSF flows through…

A

Ventricular system and subarachnoid space

139
Q

CSF is returned to blood into

A

Superior sagittal sinus

140
Q

What are arachnoid villi?

A

One way valves that project from subarachnoid space into superior sagittal sinus, allows CSF to enter sinus

141
Q

Pathological condition in which the brain swells due to build up of pressure and enlargement of ventricles.

A

Hydrocephalus

142
Q

Major lobes of the brain

A

Frontal partial occipital temporal and insula

143
Q

Where is the central sulcus located

A

Between frontal and parietal lobes

144
Q

The lateral fissure helps to define the

A

Temporal lobe

145
Q

Where does the insula lobe lie

A

Deep to the lateral sulcus

146
Q

Primary motor cortex in the

A

Precentral gyrus

147
Q

Control skeletal muscle activity in the opposite side of the body according to the body map.

A

Primary motor cortex

148
Q

Causes groups of muscles to contract in a specific sequence

A

Premotor cortex

149
Q

What’s anterior to the primary motor cortex

A

Premotor cortex

150
Q

Motor speech area in brain, ability to speak and write

A

Broca’s area

151
Q

Brocas area is located in the

A

Lower margin of the premotor cortex

152
Q

Receives sensation from the skin on the opposite side of the body according to the sensory homunculus

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

153
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex is located in the

A

Postcentral gyrus

154
Q

Integrates the qualities of the sensory information coming into the primary somatosensory cortex in order to identify everyday objects without looking at them

A

Somatosensory association cortex

155
Q

Processes incoming visual information

A

Occipital lobe

156
Q

Provides conscious awareness of smells

A

Primary olfactory cortex (temporal)

157
Q

Receives and processes auditory information

A

Primary auditory cortex (temporal)

158
Q

Primary gustatory cortex is located in the

A

Insula and processes taste information

159
Q

Werinckes area is found in the

A

Left hemisphere

160
Q

Involved in the understanding written and spoken language

A

Werinckes area

161
Q

Responsible for integrating all sensory info in order to provide context to your environment (having knowledge)

A

Gnostic area

162
Q

Limbic system is responsible for

A

Emotion and memories tied to strong emotions

163
Q

Map of the body on the pre central and post central gyri which indicates the relative amount of cortex devoted to the various body parts

A

Homunculus

164
Q

Higher order functions of the brain

A

Encompass learning, memory, reasoning and consciousness

165
Q

Where does higher order functions of the brain occur

A

In cerebral cortex, includes conscious and subconscious processes of information

166
Q

The left side of the brain tends to handle

A

Language math and reasoning

167
Q

The right side of the to handle

A

Imagination, artistic ability, insight

168
Q

Axons are bundled into units called

A

Tracts

169
Q

Association tracts interconnect

A

Different regions of the same hemisphere

170
Q

Commissural tracts interconnect

A

The two hemispheres

171
Q

Projection tracts link the

A

Hemispheres with the brain stem and spinal cord

172
Q

The diencephalon includes the

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

173
Q

Diencephalon forms the walls of

A

The third ventricle

174
Q

Diencephalon consists of several

A

Thalamic nuclei

175
Q

What part of the brain receives, filters, and relays somatic sensory information to the cerebral cortex

A

Thalamus

176
Q

Hypothalamus functions….

A
  1. Controls ANS
  2. controls endocrine system
  3. Regulates food and water intake
  4. control emotions
  5. Oversees circadian rhythm
177
Q

The epithalamus houses the

A

Pineal gland, secretes melatonin

178
Q

Brain stem includes

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

179
Q

The superior part of brain stem

A

Midbrain

180
Q

Midbrain has a _ running through it

A

Cerebral aqueduct

181
Q

The midbrain has pillars in the front called

A

Cerebral peduncles

182
Q

What produces dopamine

A

Substantia nigra

183
Q

The dopaminergic neurons effect brain processes that

A

Control movement and emotions

184
Q

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leads to

A

Parkinson’s disease

185
Q

Superior colliculi in the midbrain help…

A

Visually track moving objects

186
Q

Inferior colliculi in the midbrain help…

A

Orient our senses to sound

187
Q

Middle part of the brain stem

A

Pons

188
Q

Has strong connections to cerebellum for relaying copies of motor commands from cerebrum

A

Pons

189
Q

Inferior part of brain stem

A

Medulla

190
Q

Contains a cardiac center and respiratory center

A

Medulla

191
Q

Attached to the back of the brain stem

A

Cerebellum

192
Q

The cerebellum has right and left hemisphere and folds called

A

Folia

193
Q

Refinds skeletal muscle movements so that motion is smooth and coordinated

A

Cerebellum

194
Q

Capable of storing memories of previously learned movements, gets a rough draft of motor commands from cerebrum and fine tunes movements, aware of body part positions

A

Cerebellum

195
Q

Uncoordinated jerky movement due to impaired cerebellar function

A

Ataxia

196
Q

Motor commands sent from the

A

Premotor cortex to spinal cord

197
Q

Pons relays a copy of motor commands to

A

cerebellum

198
Q

Cerebellum makes adjustments if movements….

A

To plan and send those adjustments to cerebrum

199
Q

Order of CSF flow

A 
Lateral ventricle 
Interventricular foremen 
3rd ventricle 
Mesencephalic aqueduct 
4th ventricle 
Apertures 
Subarachnoid space 
Arachnoid villi
Superior sagittal sinus
200
Q

Part of the brain that secretes melatonin from pineal gland

A

Epithalamus

Anatomy (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions