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FBS1 > Skeleton and joints > Flashcards

Skeleton and joints Flashcards

1
Q

What cell constructs cartilage

A

Chondroblasts - secrete ground substance and collagen to form a rigid gel.

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2
Q

Why is cartilage generally thin?

A

Gets metabolites from diffusion as no neurovascular elements are present in cartilage

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3
Q

Wha are the functions of bone?

A

Movement
Protection
Haemopoesis - principle blood cells are formed in the bone marrow
Storage of calcium and phosphorus

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4
Q

What are the shapes of bones + examples

A 
Long (femur)
Flat (sternum)
Short (trapezoid)
Sesamoid (patella)
Irregular
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5
Q

Periosteum

A

Connective tissue that envelopes bones except at joints.

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6
Q

How does trabecular bone tissue help bones deal with forces

A

Forces funnelled down towards the mature (hard, dense) bone, like a network of struts.

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7
Q

What are the origins of bone?

A

Endochondral ossification, intramembranous ossification

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8
Q

Head

A

Expanded end of the epiphysis, separated from shaft by narrow neck.

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9
Q

Neck

A

Narrow connection between epiphysis and diaphysis, also called diaphysis

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10
Q

Condyle

A

Smooth rounded articular process

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11
Q

Trochlea

A

Smooth grooved articular process, shaped like a pulley.

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12
Q

Facet

A

Small flat articular surface

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13
Q

Process

A

Bump

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14
Q

Ramus

A

Extension of the bone at an angle to the rest of the structure

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15
Q

Trochanter

A

Large projection

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16
Q

Tuberosity

A

Projection

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17
Q

Tubercule

A

Small projection

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18
Q

Process

A

Projection

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19
Q

Crest

A

A prominent ridge

20
Q

Line

A

A low ridge

21
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression

22
Q

Sulcus

A

A narrow groove

23
Q

Foramen

A

Hole

24
Q

Fissure

A

Cleft

25
Q

Meatus/canal

A

Passageway through the bone

26
Q

Sinus/antrum

A

Chamber

27
Q

What are the types of joints?

A

Fibrous = united by collagen (skull sutures) no movt
Cartilaginous (primary = first rib, secondary = between hips at pubic symphesis) little movt
Synovial = fluid filled cavity wide range of movt

28
Q

Describe the formation of cartilage

A

Cartilage is formed by chondroblasts which secrete ground substance and collagen to form a rigid gel.
Once formed they remain in situ as condrocytes

29
Q

What is the difference between chondrocytes and chondroblasts?

A

Chondroblasts secrete ground substance and collagen to form a rigid gel in the formation of cartilage, once formed they remain in situ as chondrocytes

30
Q

How does the amount of cartilage change from foetus to adult

A

Much of foetal skeleton is preformed as hyaline cartilage; in adult cartilage remains in articular surfaces + in areas where rigidity and elasticity are required.

31
Q

What types of joints are there?

A

Fibrous (united by collagen)
Cartilagenous (united by cartilage)
Synovial (fluid filled cavity)

32
Q

What are the types of fibrous joints?

A

Sutures (no movt)
Symphoses (a little movt)
Gomphoses (a little movt, like a shock absorber)

33
Q

What are the types of sutures?

A

Squamous (straight line)
Serrated (wavy)
Denticulate (waves in waves)

34
Q

Give an example of a symphoses

A

Between ulna and radius, allows for a little movement in pronation/supination

35
Q

Give an example of a gomphoses

A

Between jaw and tooth, acts as a shock absorber

36
Q

What are the types of primary cartilagenous joints?

A

Synchondroses

37
Q

Describe a synchondroses

A

Develops between bones of endochondral origin, solid plate of hyaline cartilage acting as an epiphyseal plate between primary and secondary ossification centres of long bones. Provide areas of growth

38
Q

Describe a symphesis

A

Partially moveable joint - opposing surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage separated by fibrous tissue or fibrocartilage.
Found in midline of the body.

39
Q

Describe the parts of a synovial joint

A

Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surface of each bone. A synovial membrane lines the interior of a joint capsule (which is continuous with the periosteum) it produces a small amount of synovial fluid.
Sometimes a disc may be present to act as a shock absorber.
Also there may be bursae, sacs of synovial fluid

40
Q

What are bursae?

A

Sacs of synovial fluid

41
Q

What are all the different shapes of joints?

A 
Hinge
Pivot
Ball + socket
Saddle shaped
Ellipsoid
Condyloid
Plane
42
Q

Uniaxial joint

A

Moves in one plane only

43
Q

Biaxial joint

A

Moves in two planes

44
Q

Nonaxial joint

A

Small bones that can just move in all directions

45
Q

Why is the synovial joint so useful for movements

A

The shape of the articulations
The tension of joint capsule
Position of ligaments
Position of muscles surrounding joint

FBS1 (74 decks)

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