Minerals Flashcards
What is the daily requirement of Na
2.3g, for nerve conduction mostly
What is the daily requirement for K
4.7g, for nerve conduction mostly
What is Mg needed for
cofactor and enzyme complexes
What is Ca needed for
Muscle contraction and as a second messenger
What is Co used for
in cobalamin (vit B12) for methionine synthesis + 2 enzymes
What is Mo used for
In molybdopterin cofactor 4 enzymes (sulfite, xanthine, aldehyde oxidases; mARC = mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component)
What are the four enzymes Mo is used for?
Sulfite, xanthine and aldehyde oxidases
mARC = mitochondrial amidoxime recuding component
Describe Fe uptake
Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II) by Dcyt b = duodenal cytochrome b, then moved into cell by DMT 1 = divalent metal transporter 1
stored in ferritin in which the Fe(II) is oxidised back to Fe(III)
Acrodermis enteropathica
Mutation in Z1P4, low Zn uptake
Severe skin lesions, death from infections
curable with Zn
Transient neonatal Zn deficiency
Mutation in ZnT2
Child doesnt get enough Zn from mother, curable with Zn supplements.
What is the important protein that uses copper
Cytochrome oxidase C
Wilson’s disease
Mutation in ATP7B gene
Cu accumulation in liver -> toxiticty + hepatolenticular degeneration
Overflow of copper into brain leading to mental degeneration
Keyser-Fleischer rings
treated through chelation therapy with D-penicillanine
Menke’s disease
Mutation in ATP7A
Defective absorption of Cu in intestine leading to deficiency
Hair depigmentation
life expectancy < 2 years
