Abdominal Wall/ Abdomen and Pelvis

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 1

Upper: diaphragm
Lower: pelvic floor
Lateral: anterior and posterior muscles

Question 2

What are the nine regions of the abdomen?

Answer 2

Right/left hypochondriac
Epigastric
Right/left lumbar
Umbilical
Right/left iliac/inguinal
Suprapubic

Question 3

ASIS

Answer 3

Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 4

Where is the pubic crest?

Answer 4

Between the two pubic tubercles

Question 5

What are the layers of the abdominal wall? Superficial to deep

Answer 5

Skin, superficial fascia (made up of Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia - arguably), no deep fascia, Oblique abdominus muscles (external, internal, transverse), transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum, …, visceral peritoneum

Question 6

What are the superficial veins of the abdomen?

Answer 6

Lateral thoracic vein 
Thoracic epigastric vein
Paraumbilical vein
Superficial circumflex iliac vein
Superficial epigastric vein
Femoral vein

Question 7

What nerves supply the rectus abdominus

Answer 7

Anterior rami of T7-T12

Question 8

What is T12?

Answer 8

A subcostal nerve

Question 9

What nerves supply the external oblique

Answer 9

Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11 + subcostal nerve (T12)

Question 10

What nerves supply the internal oblique abdominus

Answer 10

Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11 + subcostal nerve (T12)

Question 11

What nerves supply the transversus abdominus

Answer 11

Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11 + subcostal nerve (T12)

Question 12

What is the attachment of internal oblique abdominus

Answer 12

Medially to linea alba, caudally to the pubic crest. Conjoins with transversus oblique abdominus to a tendon for attachment to pubic crest

Question 13

What is the attachment of transversus oblique abdominus?

Answer 13

Pubic crest via tendon conjoined with internal oblique abdominus for attachment

Question 14

What are the important arteries to know for blood supply of the abdominal wall?

Answer 14

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries (the only 2 vertical arteries)

Question 15

What are the only 2 vertical arteries involved in the blood supply of the abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Inferior and superior epigastric arteries

Question 16

What lines are used to divide the abdomen into 4 sections

Answer 16

Median line and umbilical line

Question 17

What lines are used to divide the abdomen into 9 sections

Answer 17

Lateral lines passing through midpoint of inguingal ligament

transpyloric line

transtubercular plane (tubercles of iliac crest)

Question 18

What is caput medusae

Answer 18

When superficial veins swell

Question 19

How does the superficial fascia on the abdominal wall change above/below the umbilicus

Answer 19

Above it’s just one layer - then below it is 2 layers the Campers (fatty) and Scarpa’s (membranous) fascias

Question 20

What two abdominal muscles have a conjoined tendon in their attachment to the pubic crest

Answer 20

int oblique and transversus abdominus

Question 21

What is the cutaneous nerve supply to the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 21

Lateral and anterior cutaneous branches of T7-T12

Question 22

What are the important arteries in the abdominal wall

Answer 22

superior and inferior epigastric