Abdominal Wall/ Abdomen and Pelvis Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?
Upper: diaphragm
Lower: pelvic floor
Lateral: anterior and posterior muscles
What are the nine regions of the abdomen?
Right/left hypochondriac Epigastric Right/left lumbar Umbilical Right/left iliac/inguinal Suprapubic
ASIS
Anterior superior iliac spine
Where is the pubic crest?
Between the two pubic tubercles
What are the layers of the abdominal wall? Superficial to deep
Skin, superficial fascia (made up of Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia - arguably), no deep fascia, Oblique abdominus muscles (external, internal, transverse), transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum, …, visceral peritoneum
What are the superficial veins of the abdomen?
Lateral thoracic vein Thoracic epigastric vein Paraumbilical vein Superficial circumflex iliac vein Superficial epigastric vein Femoral vein
What nerves supply the rectus abdominus
Anterior rami of T7-T12
What is T12?
A subcostal nerve
What nerves supply the external oblique
Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11 + subcostal nerve (T12)
What nerves supply the internal oblique abdominus
Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11 + subcostal nerve (T12)
What nerves supply the transversus abdominus
Thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11 + subcostal nerve (T12)
What is the attachment of internal oblique abdominus
Medially to linea alba, caudally to the pubic crest. Conjoins with transversus oblique abdominus to a tendon for attachment to pubic crest
What is the attachment of transversus oblique abdominus?
Pubic crest via tendon conjoined with internal oblique abdominus for attachment
What are the important arteries to know for blood supply of the abdominal wall?
Superior and inferior epigastric arteries (the only 2 vertical arteries)
What are the only 2 vertical arteries involved in the blood supply of the abdominal wall?
Inferior and superior epigastric arteries
What lines are used to divide the abdomen into 4 sections
Median line and umbilical line
What lines are used to divide the abdomen into 9 sections
Lateral lines passing through midpoint of inguingal ligament
transpyloric line
transtubercular plane (tubercles of iliac crest)
What is caput medusae
When superficial veins swell
How does the superficial fascia on the abdominal wall change above/below the umbilicus
Above it’s just one layer - then below it is 2 layers the Campers (fatty) and Scarpa’s (membranous) fascias
What two abdominal muscles have a conjoined tendon in their attachment to the pubic crest
int oblique and transversus abdominus
What is the cutaneous nerve supply to the anterior abdominal wall
Lateral and anterior cutaneous branches of T7-T12
What are the important arteries in the abdominal wall
superior and inferior epigastric
