Intestines Flashcards
Where does the foregut end
after the entry of common bile duct into duodenum
Where does the midgut end
2/3 of the way along the transverse colon
Where does the hindgut end
half way down the anal canal
What is the point at which the bile duct enters the duodenum called
ampulla of vater
What are the divions of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
How long does it take for food to pass through the small intestine
3-6 hours
What are the 4 areas of the duodenum
superior, descending, inferior and ascending
What is the ligament that supports the duodenual-jujenal flexure
suspensatory ligament of treitz
How does the pancreas fit into the duodenum
Into the U shape created by the superior, descending, inferior and ascending parts of the duodenum
Does the superior mesenteric artery and vein cross deep or superficially the inferior section of the duodenum
Superficially
What is the minor duodenal papilla
Small entry into the duodenum of a pancreatic duct
What is the major duodenal papilla
Entry of union of common bile duct and pancreatic ducts into duodenum
Describe the jejunal mucosa layers
Serosa on the outside
Has muscularis externa later (With longitudinal layer around the circular layer)
Then submucosa
then mucosa with plicae circularis
Describe the ileal muscoa layers
Serosa on the outside
Has muscularis externa later (With longitudinal layer around the circular layer)
Then submucosa
then mucosa (flat)
Describe the lymphatics of the small bowel
Mesenteric nodes lie on the mesentary
there are pre-aortic nodes (coeliac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric)
Then there cisterna chyli lies to the left of the aorta inferior to the thoracic duct
What are the pre-aortic lymph nodes
coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric
What are the longitudial strips that line the large intestine called
teniae coli
What are the tenia coli made of
thickening of longitudinal muscle of muscularis externa
What are the saclike divisions along the large intestine called
Haustra
What are the little bags of fat that hang off the large intestine called
epiploic appendages
What are the bends/corners in the large intestine called
right + left colic flexure
Where does the coeliac artery arise from
Aorta at T12
Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise from
aortia at L1
What branches does the superior mesentertic artery give
Jejunal + ileal
Ileocolic (then appendicular)
Right colic
Middle colic
Where does the superior mesenteric artery cross the small intestine
superior to the inferior part of the duodenum
Where does the inferior mesenteric artery arise from
Aorta at L3
What does the inferior mesenteric artery give rise to
Left colic
Sigmoidal (multiple branches)
Superior rectal
What is the mesenteric marginal artery
An artery that joins all the branches for the large colon like a ring road
What joins up to form hepatic portal vein
superior mesenteric joins with splenic vein
Where does the inferior mesenteric vein join into
into the splenic vein before the splenic vein joins with the superior mesenteric to form the hepatic portal vein
What are the roots of the greater splanchnic nerve
T5-T9
What are the roots of the lesser splanchnic nerve
T10-11
Where do the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves synapse
at coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglia
What is the innervation of the foregut + midgut
greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (T5-9)
What is the innervation of the renal plexus
lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve (T10-11) + least thoracic splanchnic nerve (T12, L1 + L2)
What is the innervation of the midgut
greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (T5-9) + lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve (T10-11)
Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the small intestine and the proximal colon
Celiac plexus via vagus nerve
Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the distal colon, rectum, bladder and reproductive organs
inferior hypogastric plexus via S2,3,4
Where is referred pain from the foregut felt via sympathetic nerves
where heartburn is; xiphoid process and on the back in the same place
Where is referred pain from the midgut felt via sympathetic nerves
Umbilicus
Where is referred pain from hindgut felt via sympathetic nerves
bladder area
What is the position of the cisterna chyli
To the left of the aorta inferior to the thoracic duct
