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Physiology > Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

[type of muscle]

___ detects changes muscle length

A

intrafusal

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2
Q

[type of muscle]

changes in muscle length is innervated by

A

gamma motor neurons

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3
Q

[type of muscle]

____ used for voluntary muscle contraction

A

extrafusal

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4
Q

[type of muscle]

innervation for voluntary muscle contraction

A

alpha motor neurons

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5
Q

[type of muscle]

intrafusal, innervation: ____

A

gamma motor neuron

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6
Q

[type of muscle]

extrafusal, innervation: ____

A

alpha motor neuron

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7
Q

[type of muscle]

this type of muscle provides endurance

A

type I/Slow-twitch/Red muscle

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8
Q

[type of muscle]

slow twitch muscle fiber

A

type 1

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9
Q

[type of muscle]

type of muscle with the greatest oxidative capacity

A

type 1

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10
Q

[type of muscle]

smaller diameter, less fatigability

A

type 1

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11
Q

[type of muscle]

this type of muscle provides power

A

type 2

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12
Q

[type of muscle]

white muscle fiber

A

type 2

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13
Q

[type of muscle]

unitary smooth muscle
(+) gap junction
(+) syncytium

is used for ____

A

gross motor movements

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14
Q

type of muscle]

multi-unit smooth muscle
(-) gap junction
(-) syncytium

is used for ____

A

fine motor movements

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15
Q

type of muscle]

type of smooth muscle used for fine motor movements

A

multi-unit

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16
Q

type of muscle]

type of smooth muscle used for gross motor movements

A

unitary

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17
Q

sarcomere is found between ___ lines

A

Z

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18
Q

[type of filament]

contains myosin that acts as cross bridges of the sarcomere

A

thick filament

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19
Q

[type of filament]

actin, tropomyosin, troponin

A

thin filament

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20
Q

[type of filament]

in thin filament, relaxing protein that covers actin binding sites at rest

A

tropomyosin

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21
Q

[type of filament]

in thin filament, this attaches troponin complex to tropomyosin

A

troponin T

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22
Q

[type of filament]

in thin filament, inhibits actin-myosin binding

A

troponin I

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23
Q

[type of filament]

in thin filament, this calcium binding protein

A

troponin C

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24
Q

name the types of troponin

A

troponin T
troponin I
troponin C

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25
Q

[sacomere lines]

__ band refers to the entire length of myosin

A

A band

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26
Q

[sacomere lines]

__ band purely myosin

A

H band

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27
Q

[sacomere lines]

__ band seen inside A band

A

H band

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28
Q

[sacomere lines]

__ band has no actin interspersed

A

H band

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29
Q

[sacomere lines]

this zone has no myosin heads

A

bare zone

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30
Q

[sarcomere lines]

the bare zone is located inside this band

A

H band

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31
Q

[sarcomere lines]

this band contains purely actin, no myosin interspersed

A

I band

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32
Q

___ spreads the action potential to all parts of the muscle

A

T tubules

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33
Q

____ this activates the ryanodine receptors

A

DHPR

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34
Q

____ protein that stores Ca in the SR

A

calsequestrin

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35
Q

___ pumps Ca from the ICF to the SR

A

SERCA

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36
Q

binds myosin to Z lines

this determines normal stiffness of the ventricular muscle

A

titin

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37
Q

___ stabilizes sarcolemma and prevents contraction-induced rupture

A

dystrophin

38
Q

____ binds actin to beta-dystroglycan in the sarcolemma

A

dystrophin

39
Q

___ binds to actin and Z lines

A

Actinin, CapZ protein

40
Q

_____ binds Z lines to sarcolemma

A

desmin

41
Q

___ acts as molecular rulers that sets the length of actin

A

nebulin

42
Q

___ binds to myosin head which causes myosin ti unbind with the first binding site in actin

A

ATP

43
Q

The partial hydrolysis of ATP to ADP in myosin head causes ____ of the myosin heads

A

recocking

44
Q

the second binding site is due to the ____

A

partial hydrolysis of ATP

45
Q

the first binding site is due to ____

A

binding of ATP to myosin heads

46
Q

the hydrolysis of ADP bound to myosin causes the ____

A

power/force-generating stoke

47
Q

after the force-generating stroke, the myosin heads pull actin towards the ____

A

M line

48
Q

___ covers the binding site of actin for myosin

A

tropomyosin

49
Q

In muscle relaxation, the Ca goes back to the SR via

A

SERCA

50
Q

This drug blocks the release of Ach from the presynaptic terminal

A

botulinum toxin

51
Q

this drug competes with Ach for motor end plate receptor

A

curare

52
Q

this drug inhibits acetycholinesterease

A

neostigmine

53
Q

this drug blocks reuptake of choline into presynaptic terminal

A

hemicholinium

54
Q

___ type of contraction when you push an immovable wall

A

isometric

55
Q

____ type of contraction when you pull the same load

A

isotonic

56
Q

in pulling a weight up, there is a ___ contraction (isotonic contraction)

A

concentric contraction

57
Q

in lowering a weight down, there is a ___ contraction (isotonic contraction)

A

eccentric contraction

58
Q

More tension is produced in this type of contractions

A

isometric contraction

59
Q

___ type of fiber with no refractory period

A

muscle fiber

60
Q

___ muscle relies purely on intracellular Ca

A

skeletal muscle

61
Q

____ muscle relies mainly on extracellular Ca

A

smooth muscle

62
Q

___ muscle relies both on intra and extracellular Ca

A

cardiac muscle

63
Q

[cardiac action potential]

___ phase that is very valuable since it “rests” the heart

A

Phase 2

64
Q

[cardiac action potential]

__ phase

K efflux, partial repolarization

A

Phase 1

65
Q

[cardiac action potential]

___ phase

Ca Influx = k efflux

A

phase 2

66
Q

[cardiac action potential]

Ca channel closed
K efflux

A

Phase 3

67
Q

___ is the RMP of the cardiac action potential

A

-90mV

68
Q

[Pacemaker AP]

Ca influx

A

Phase 0

69
Q

[pacemaker AP]

K efflux

A

phase 3

70
Q

What are the phases in the pacemaker?

A

Phase 0
Phase 3
Phase 4

71
Q

[cardiac action potential]

due to Na influx

A

Phase 1

72
Q

This transport mechanism decreases the intracellular calcium in the heart

A
  1. Ca ATPase

2. 3Na-1Ca countertransport

73
Q

this muscle has no troponin

A

smooth muscle

74
Q

[smooth muscle]

phosphorylates and activates myosin heads

A

myosin-light chain kinase

75
Q

[smooth muscle]

dephosphorylate and inactivates myosin heads

A

myosin-light chain phosphatase

76
Q

[smooth muscle]

binds to Ca

A

calmodulin

77
Q

[smooth muscle]

inhibits muscle contraction

A

caldesmon

Calponin

78
Q

[smooth muscle]

analogous to Z lines

A

dense bodies

79
Q

[smooth muscle]

__ causes smooth muscle contraction

A

MLCK

K = kontract

80
Q

[smooth muscle]

___ causes smooth muscle relaxation

A

MLCP

Pahinga = relax

81
Q

[smooth muscle]

analogous to Trop I

A

caldesmon

82
Q

[smooth muscle]

one nerve, multiple muscle fiber, may act on their own

A

multi-unit smooth muscle

83
Q

[smooth muscle]

controlled by Ach, NE
No gap junctions
No spontaneous contraction

Has junctional potential only

A

multi-unit smooth muscle

84
Q

[smooth muscle]

___ unit smooth muscle

ciliary muscle, iris, piloerector muscle, vas deferense

A

multi-unit smooth muscle

85
Q

[smooth muscle]

___ unit smooth muscle

intestine, bile duct, ureter, uterus

A

single-unit smooth muscle

86
Q

[smooth muscle]

one nerve, multiple muscle fibers, act together as one

controlled by ACh, NE, hormones, stretch, local factors

A

single-unit smooth muscle

87
Q 
[smooth muscle]
(+) gap junctions
slow waves
spike potentials
plateau potentials
(+) spontaneous contraction
A

single-unit smooth muscle

88
Q

[identify the type of muscle]

(+) sarcomere

Upstroke of AP = Na Influx

No plateau

A

skeletal

89
Q

[identify the type of cardiac]

(+) sarcomere

Upstroke of AP = Ca Influx

No plateau

A

SA node

90
Q

[identify the type of cardiac muscle]

(+) sarcomere

Upstroke of AP = Na Influx

Has plateau

A

Atria
ventricles
purkinje

91
Q

[identify the type of muscle]

(-) sarcomere

Upstroke of AP = Ca Influx

No plateau

A

smooth muscle

Physiology (47 decks)

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