Neurotransmitters

Question 1

The enzyme that creates acetylcholine

Answer 1

Choline Acetyl Transferase

Question 2

Decreased level of acetylcholine is associated with these diseases (dementia)

Answer 2

1. Huntington’s dementia

2. Alzheimer’s dementia

Question 3

Norepinephrine is found in the ___ of pons

Answer 3

locus ceruleus

Question 4

___ is a neuroMODULATOR in the CNS while a neuroTRANSMITTER in the PNS

Answer 4

Norepinephrine

Question 5

____ is the primary NT from post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

Answer 5

Norepinephrine

Question 6

____ has a greater beta-2 action thus it relieves the effects of bee sting by decreasing contraction of airway smooth muscles

Answer 6

Epinephrine

Question 7

Dopamine is secreted in ____ which is a part of the brain that fine-tunes movement

Answer 7

substantia nigra

Question 8

Dopamine in the hypothalamus ____ prolactin (inhibits, modulates)

Answer 8

inhibits

Question 9

This dopamine receptor inhibitsadenylate cyclase using Gi protein

Answer 9

D2 receptor

D1 receptor activates adenylate cyclase using Gs protein

Question 10

Nitric oxide can be derived from what amino acid?

Answer 10

Arginine

Question 11

Serotonin is derived from what amino acid?

Answer 11

Tryptophan

Question 12

Serotonin is found in the ____ of the brain stem

Answer 12

median raphe

Question 13

Low levels of the NT is associated with depression

Answer 13

Serotonin

Question 14

____ NT is a vasodilator and an inhibitory NT

Answer 14

NO

Question 15

This NT is the main inhibitory NT of the spinal cord

Answer 15

glycine

Question 16

This NT is the main inhibitory NT in the brain

Answer 16

GABA

GABAa decreases anxiety

Question 17

The main excitatory NT in the brain is ____ which is formed from the reactive amination of alpha ketoglutarate

Answer 17

Glutamate

Question 18

____ NT for acute, electric pain

Answer 18

Fast pain, glutamate

Slow pain - burning, aching, Substance P

Question 19

What are the phenylalanine derivatives?

Answer 19

Tyrosine, T3/T4
Melanine
L-Dopa
Dopamine
NE
Epi

Question 20

What are the tryptophan derivatives?

Answer 20

Melatonin
Serotonin
Niacin

Question 21

____ receptors refers to a group of cholinergic receptors linked to ion channels in the cell membrane

Answer 21

Nicotinic = always excitatory

Nico = ion

Question 22

___ receptors refer to a group GPCR (cholinergic) that phosphorylate second messenger

Answer 22

Muscarinic

M1,3,5 = excitatory
M2,4 = inhibitory

Question 23

Differentiate adrenergic vs cholinergic

Answer 23

Adrenergic = bind to noradrenaline and noradrenaline; always sympathetic = can either be alpha and beta receptors

Cholinergic = bind to acetylcholine; can either me nicotinic or muscarinic